820
www.klinickafarmakologie.cz340804301076513320121425327329234035839843647950254457164568672477179183988990895196610061045
/26818043010757
Klin2757804301077091109157
Farmakol2934804301074279105179220258305325
Farm3279804301074178105179
2019;3478804301074487126164180
33(4):3678804301074485107149170185
4–113883804301074491130164
/40678043010756
KLINICKÁ41438043010771115136195215269315373
FARMAKOLOGIE4537804301074292139211266312373415475534555598
A51578043010753
FARMACIE5230804301074392139212266318338381
756558026012657
ORIGINÁLNÍ4694207012673138172244278352422476549582
PRÁCE5298207012660124196256314
Medication326736501065284123141176217246263304346
errors362736501063167103143179214
at385636501063866
intensive39373650106165790122163196213251283
care423636501063274109141
units:nurses‘43933650106398097129162177216257293327358393407
knowledge481536501063375116175206238278318350
and518036501063879119
attitudes531536501063866100118150191231263297
between340496301075093119185227270316
the674496301073379122
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experience1466496301074987135178203221263309348389
and1873496301074592139
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medication6245103010773116164181220259285302348395
errors.103751030107487398143169201216
It1271510301072450
was13435103010765105136
found1497510301072974121167215
that1730510301073279117143
the1891510301073279121
length340524301072063111160188236
of600524301074972
work6965243010767114140178
experience893524301075089139184209228271319359401
didn’t1318524301075068117165178206
play1548524301075169109148
a17155243010747
role178052430107337998142
in1941524301072472
the340538301072874116
self‑reported46853830107347693115138164205252299324353393441
incidence92753830107135997114161203249287327
of1267538301074870
makingmedication13495383010774112148166212259345387435452490529554571617663
errors34055230107446894139164197
(4.355455230107216174117
%6865523010766
vs766552301074173
6.5853552301074459102
%9695523010766
incidence1053552301071662100117165207253292333
for140355230107216691
those1512552301072571118149192
with1718552301076583109155
less189155230107165890121
than340566301072874113159
10517566301074482
years617566301074081120144177
of812566301074870
experience900566301074481130173198215257303342383
and1301566301074187135
those1453566301072875121153196
with1667566301076582108155
101840566301074482
or1940566301074773
more,3405803010774120145186199
non‑significant).552580301074895142168200216264310327349367405445491516537549
Furthermore,1114580301074185110139185228252325372397438450
respondents157858030107266799146194240288330376401434
had340594301074989138
to497594301073379
choose595594301074694141190223266
three880594301073381107149193
factors1092594301072970110140186212246
most13615943010775123156184
contributing1564594301074692140166192210259307334352399448
to340608301072975
the434608301073482126
medication5856083010775120170188228269296314362410
errors1014608301075076103150177210
from1243608301073057104179
the1441608301073482126
915866083010751
proposed1661608301075177124174224257301351
answers.340622301074291124191235262296312
The6726223010754104149
factors841622301073577118149196223257
were11296223010767111137181
most13406223010776125159188
represented:1547622301073882132159203236281330357400451465
inattention340636301071965104129158199245270287333380
(27738636301072162102
%),85563630107678698
increased971636301071663101126167205237279328
workload13146363010765111136173192238278325
(201657636301072263104
%)1776636301076786
and1878636301074187134
inexperienced340650301071965107145193236261279321367406446494
/8486503010731
new892650301074991154
staff1059650301073461100122148
(16%).122565030107195794173193204
Finally,1443650301074158104143160177215224
university1681650301074794110150191216248264291332
graduated340664301074872111158203241266306353
respondents70566430107266798144191237284325370395427
were11446643010765106130170
askedwhether1326664301074171106147194271317358384429471495
phar‑1833664301074995133157179
macology3406783010774113151196214261309347
courses,701678301074185132156189231263277
which9926783010765112129167214
they1223678301072471113151
completed1388678301074085157205223265291332380
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nursing340692301074996122155172220268
undergraduate632692301074996145189214262288329377424464491533
curriculum,1183692301074693119145163203250268315388403
have1610692301074989128170
provi‑1804692301075177123163181208
ded340706301074991139
a4957063010740
benefit550706301075093140182204222248
for81670630107216792
their926706301072571113130155
practice.1096706301074975114153182199237278291
Absolute14027063010753101132179197242269309
majority17267063010774113130177202219245286
(99.00340720301072463106117160204
%)560720301076686
of662720301074870
responses75072030107256698145193239271313345
were11117203010765107131172
positive.1300720301074997128145171188227269282
Discussion3407450014782114164219287338388419487556
The480762301074293139
study641762301073566116167209
„Medication8727623010728102148200220262306334355405455
errors1349762301074574103152180216
in1587762301072170
pediatric1681762301075096148169211240268289331
nursing:3407763010749100130167188239292310
Assessment6727763010763101138185222258336383435465
of1159776301075885
nurses‘12677763010758109138175223260278
knowledge15687763010747101153221243291344397445
and2140496301074191142
analysis2304496301074999141162204240260294
of2620496301075682
the2723496301073687133
Consequences28774963010760108159194240291341387437479523559
of3457496301075783
errors“3561496301075280109158187223251
was21405103010765109144
the2306510301073686132
model24685103010774125177223244
on27345103010756107
the2863510301073686133
methodology30265103010774120150200250303353374425477519
of3567510301075682
this3671510301073687107142
research2140524301072771107153195223264314
(9).247552430107317498113
However,26095243010764115181227269314342356
the2986524301073686132
model31465243010774124176222243
study3411524301074171121172214
exa‑3647524301075192135165
mined2140538301077494144190242
the2403538301073787133
knowledge2557538301074798148215236282334385431
and3010538301074999150
the3182538301073686132
incidence3336538301072776119139190236286329373
of3730538301075782
medication21405523010774120172192234277306327377427
errors2589552301074775104153181218
in2828552301072272
pediatric2924552301075097149169211240269290332
intensive3277552301072272101145195230250293338
care.3636552301074487115160176
Our21405663010760111139
study2301566301073869119170212
examined2535566301074990133209229279325377
the2933566301073384130
same3084566301073983158204
issue331056630107245893142188
in3520566301072473
adult3615566301074697147167197
patients.2140580301075093122143188238267303322
A22805943010753
total234659430107287398138155
of2515594301074770
2402598594301074482126
respondents274259430107226395142190237284327373398431
participated3186594301075090115144161199216264303329369418
in3622594301071460
the3696594301072774116
research.214060830107266697138175198234279293
Respondentswere2444608301074586117163209254300341386410442517558581621
predominantly3077608301074973113160205275291336373418442459496
female3590608301071758128165182222
(92.922140622301072463103116157197
%).235662230107668697
The2472622301074290132
age2623622301074188131
range2772622301072767113161203
was29946223010765104136
from314862230107245096168
253335622301074486
years3440622301074081119144176
to3634622301072974
363727622301074485
years2140636301074081119144176
or2329636301074873
more.24156363010773120145186199
Nearly26276363010757100138163180218
half2858636301074887104126
of2997636301074870
respondents3080636301072768100147194241288330377402435
(49.17%)353263630107195999110147182261281
were21406503010766108133174
older2337650301074967115158183
than2538650301073380119166
362722650301074992
years2832650301074587125150183
of3038650301074971
age.3127650301074695137151
The3296650301074795138
study3452650301073967113162201
also367165030107466394142
focused2140664301072470110157188231280
on2444664301074895
the2558664301073380123
respondents‘2699664301073273106154202249298340387413446461
education3178664301074998144183224249267314361
level3557664301072567107149167
in3742664301072471
nursing.2140678301074792115146162207253266
Most24186783010769114145171
respondents260167830107266596142188234280321366390422
had3034678301074885131
secondary3177678301073374112156201247285309349
educati‑3537678301074390134172210234250275
on.2140692301074793106
Nearly2258692301075798135159176213
a24826923010741
quarter2534692301074893131154182222246
(23.33%)279769230107185899111153192269288
hadhigher3097692301074785131190206252297338362
education3471692301074390134172210235251296341
and2140706301074187135
36%had2288706301074485165226265312
a26147063010740
university2668706301074794110149191215248264291331
degree,3012706301074992140164205248261
comparedwith3286706301074085157205245269310359437454480527
392140720301074484
%22477203010767
in2332720301072470
the2420720301073379122
study2560720301073866112160199
by2782720301074987
Lan2887720301074686133
et3038720301074875
al.313172030107456377
(9).322672030107296889100
Nurses33497203010758104128161204236
in3603720301072370
the3691720301073379122
Czech2140734301075289130170217
Republic2375734301075194142189237255272311
could2704734301074590137155202
also292573430107466394141
have3089734301074988126168
a32757343010746
specialization3339734301073987130170187226244260296336362379426473
course2140748301074085131156188231
in2389748301071763
intensive247074830107176388129175207223262304
care2790748301074080104146
nursing.2952748301074894118151167213261275
There3244748301074189132156198
were34587483010765107131172
553647748301074483
%37467483010766
nurses2140762301074894118151193225
in2383762301072268
our2472762301074894119
study2609762301073663110157196
which28267623010765112128167213
have3060762301074887125166
had3247762301074887135
finished340076230107274591107138184227275
the3693762301073177119
course.2140776301074187134160193237250
Also2414776301075371103151
some2583776301074087161205
pediatric2812776301075094144161201227253271311
nurses3146776301074996121155198231
(40.503396776301072970115129173215
%)3635776301076788
in3741776301072472
the394062301072977121
abovementioned408062301074797146186229303348396422440488537581631
model4735623010776124175219237
study499162301074068116166206
had522162301074990139
similar537962301074057131149167208233
specialization394076301073481124164180219236253287328353370416463
course441976301074085132156189231
(2014).466876301072263104142180199211
Most4080903010770117148176
respondents427490301072870102149196243291333379404437
had473290301074887134
11488790301074476
years498190301074284122146179
and518090301074187135
more5335903010774121146187
of554290301074870
experience3940104301074482130173198215257303342383
(45.004341104301072867107120162206
%).456910430107678698
The4685104301074693136
least4839104301072365103135162
proportion5023104301075075120169216241270287333380
of5425104301074870
re‑551310430107317299
spondents3940118301073481128175223265311336369
had4323118301074887134
experience4471118301074381130173197215257303342383
up4867118301074895
to4975118301072873
250611183010744
years5119118301073981119144176
(13.33%).531311830107195793106149189268288300
Surprisingly,3940132301074186110158183200231247292339356394403
a43561323010741
previous4409132301075074115153171216262293
study4715132301073360105152190
fromJapan492313230107184489160204242289328374
has5310132301074886117
reve‑5440132301072667105146172
aled3940146301074158100148
reverse4106146301072768107148173206248
dependence4372146301074991139182228276318365403444
of4834146301074870
error492214630107446894139164
making51041463010774113149168214261
on5383146301074895
the5496146301072874117
length3940160301071961108155182228
of4188160301074770
practice4277160301075075115153182199237278
(11).457316030107256396112123
Experienced4715160301074282130173198215257303342383431
nurses5165160301074994119151194226
made54101603010774113160203
more39401743010774120146187
errors414717430107436894139164196
than4361174301073077116162
less‑experienced454117430107216395127151195233281324349367409455494534583
nurses5144174301074894118151193225
in5387174301072167
that5472174301073076115140
study.3940188301073461107154192203
Authors4156188301075297123170216241273
of4442188301074870
the4525188301072874117
study4655188301073360106154192
stated4860188301073461100125166214
that5087188301072874113138
there5238188301072874117141182
is5438188301071445
the5496188301072874116
possibility3940202301075097128160176224241258274301341
that4294202301072874113138
somemedication4445202301073480152195281324372389427467492509555601
errors505920230107446994139164196
occur5268202301074888124170195
due5476202301074994136
topreoccupation3940216301072771131155195241279315359406444468484529575
that4526216301072873110135
nurses4672216301074892115147188218
feel490821630107175899116
it5041216301071338
is5096216301071343
less515621630107145585116
necessary5283216301074889127166197227266290330
to3940230301072873
explain4029230301074482130148187204250
and4295230301074188135
confirm4447230301074085132153171196268
everything4732230301074482124149190219266282328376
related512623030107256684123148189237
to5381230301072671
me‑54692303010774116143
dication3940244301074966104144169186232279
administrations4235244301074189160177223240271298323363388405452498530
as4781244301074072
their4871244301072672114131156
length5045244301071759105153179226
of5287244301074870
service5373244301073376101143160199239
increase.3940258301071965103128169207239281294
On42472583010760107
the4367258301072874116
contrary,4496258301074085132157181221246287296
in4810258301071460
our4883258301074894119
study5015258301073360106154192
nurses5220258301074894118150193225
with5457258301076583109155
longer3940272301071967115163207232
experience4190272301075089138182207225268316355397
didn’t4610272301075068116163177204
make48372723010775115152194
the5050272301073380124
errors5192272301074975101147173206
more54222723010775122148190
often3940286301074870100141187
than4145286301072672111157
less432028630107186092123
experienced4459286301074482130173198215257304342383431
nurses.4907286301074893118150193225240
The4080300301074290132
didactic4227300301074966114152191220237275
test452030030107256698125
was46603003010765105136
focused4814300301072167106152183226274
on5103300301074895
the5216300301072571114
respon‑534830030107246597144191238264
dents‘3940314301074992138163196210
knowledge4168314301074391138201219262310358400
of4591314301074870
the4679314301073380122
high‑alert4824314301074865113159185224242284309338
medications51853143010774116165182220260286303349396427
used3940328301074879122170
frequently412832830107285496144190232279304321360
in4505328301072470
the4593328301073379122
intensive473332830107237095136182213230269311
care.5062328301074585109150164
The5243328301074795138
List539932830107456293120
of5542328301074870
High‑AlertMedications,3940342301075672118163188237254295318346427468515531569607631648693738768782
guidelines4734342301074892108154195212228272314344
issuedbyWorld509534230107144474118159206267303387430455472518
Health39403563010758103143162189238
Organization4205356301076289138179227245282324351370418467
(Control4691356301073383130179205232279299
of5009356301075781
Concentrated51093563010761108157197240289315342384410453504
electrolyte3940370301074564109151182209257277318350393
solutions)43533703010751100120168197216265315348370
and47433703010757107157
the4920370301074494139
Summaries50793703010759107182257299326345390424
of5523370301076590
Product3940384301074569114162208246275
Characteristics4227384301075298136161200239267308332350380408424463496
were47363843010764106130171
used4920384301074879121169
for510738430107196489
formulating521438430107196590162207224263288305351398
questions3940398301074995137169197214260307339
regarding4297398301073172121160185231248294342
high‑alert4662398301074865113159185225242284309338
medication50233983010774117165182221260286303349396
used5442398301074879122170
in3940412301071965
critical402441230107406582109126164204221
care.4264412301074080104146159
Questions44424123010760107149181208225271318349
on4810412301074895
antibiotics,4924412301074187113130177195241266283322355369
vasopre‑5312412301074181112159207232273300
ssors,3940426301073466114140173188
glucocorticoids4151426301075068114154200240286312342359398444462510542
sedatives,4712426301073982132171197215255297330345
anticoagulants,5075426301074794120137177222263312359376416463489523537
anti‑ulcer3940440301074188113130156204221260301326
drugs4288440301075074121169200
and4506440301074693141
solutions4665440301073885103149176193239286318
used5006440301074879122170
for5194440301072975100
the5312440301073380123
fluid545344030107284995112159
resuscitationwere3940454301072768100145176215232258297323340386433511553578619
asked4572454301074173109150198
in4788454301071561
the4862454301072874117
test.4992454301072869101128143
Most51484543010770117149176
of5337454301074871
these5421454301072874117149191
drugs3940468301074974120168199
are4155468301074165106
parenterally4278468301074989114155201226267292331349365404
administered4698468301074088160177223239270298338363404452
(12).516846830107226096116128
Results4080482301074586117161178203235
of4327482301074869
the4408482301072873114
test453448230107286899125
were46714823010764105129169
evaluated4852482301074381120136181219243283330
using519448230107477893138185
a53914823010740
stan‑544348230107336098144169
dardized3940496301074988112159176210252300
four‑point4258496301072773119144167216263280326351
grading4631496301074974113161178224271
scale:4920496301073877116133176189
grade5131496301074973113161203
153564963010744
(suffi‑5418496301072758103125151169194
cient)3940510301074158101148173195
reached4154510301073274113152199242291
22.924464510301074992106147188
%46755103010767
of4765510301074972
respondents,4855510301073274106154203250299342389415448463
62.925336510301075091104145186
%55455103010768
reachedgrade3940524301072666103141185226273333357395441482
244345243010743
(relatively44945243010718408096134158174212252269306
sufficient),481252430107337798122140177193233278302323334
13.75%grade515852430107437790130168245305329367413454
339405383010744
(fair)400253830107274788105129150
and4170538301074490138
0.42432953830107445799138
%44885383010767
grade4576538301074973113161203
448005383010744
(insufficient).486253830107274490121167189214232271288330376401423434
Pediatric5317538301074586134151189215240257296
nurses3940552301074894118151193225
in4183552301071561
a42595523010740
study4314552301073360107154193
of4521552301074870
Lan4605552301074181127
et4746552301074470
al.483055230107415872
also491755230107415888135
achieved5066552301074180126143185224265313
similar5394552301073350121138155194218
results3940566301072768101146164190224
(2014).4182566301072970112151188208220
The4420566301074795138
most45815663010775122154182
difficult478656630107496689115133172218236262
question5071566301074996138171198216262310
in5399566301072470
our5492566301074995120
questionnaire3940580301074995137169196213259306352391408432474
appeared4430580301074189137180218243284332
to4780580301072772
be4868580301075093
if4979580301071740
nurses5035580301074894119151193225
can5277580301074080126
apply5419580301074189137155193
opioid3940594301074896113159176223
analgesics4175594301074187126143190232263279318350
into454359430107146084129
the4685594301072774116
epidural4813594301074491109156201225265282
catheter.5107594301074080105151193219259284294
In5419594301071460
this549259430107277390121
issue,394060830107195081126169181
the4139608301073379122
rate427860830107327197137
of4438608301074870
incorrect4526608301072369108153178203245284312
answers4856608301074692123187229254286
was51656083010765104136
80.835319608301074891104148189
%.5531608301076681
Apossible39406223010752114161193224240287305347
explanation4299622301074481129147185231269294311357403
is4720622301071444
that4777622301072773112137
some4927622301073379151193
hospitals5133622301074894125172189215254271302
have5447622301074887124165
created3940636301074065106144170210259
standards4217636301073461101147195234258305336
that4571636301072875114139
intensify472863630107206691131178209225248289
the5035636301072976118
competence5172636301074085157205248274315361400440
of3940650301074871
personnel,4034650301075195120153200248295338356369
although442265030107466490138185232281328
the4768650301073380123
national4915650301074888114131178226266283
regulations5216650301073274123170187227253270317365396
generally3940664301075093141184210251269286325
reserve4284664301073274107151176220262
this456566430107338198130
type4714664301073375125169
of4907664301074972
administration4997664301074796169187234251283311337378404422469517
to5533664301073379
medical39406783010774116164181220259277
doctors.4231678301074996135163208233266281
Another4526678301075399146171218260285
two4829678301072490136
items498367830107154182154185
with5183678301076582108155
highest5352678301074965113159201233260
occurrence3940692301074887124170195220261308346387
of4345692301074870
errors443269230107446994139164197
were46466923010765107132173
focused4837692301072369108154185228276
on5131692301074794
the5243692301072874116
nume‑5377692301074894166208235
rical394070630107274482122139
abilities4092706301074189106123139166183225256
of4361706301074870
respondents.444570630107266799146194240288330376401434449
In4912706301071460
these4985706301072875117149191
issues,519470630107144576121164195210
errors541770630107436893138163196
occurred3940720301074887124170195220261310
in4268720301071965
8.754351720301074459100139
%45097203010766
and4593720301074187135
37.50474672030107448388131172
%,4936720301076681
respectively.5035720301072768100147191230258276315356374412422
This5475720301074290107138
type3940734301072868116159
of4112734301074769
mistakemight4194734301077390120147186222263349365412458482
have4689734301074886124165
serious486773430107337599116162208239
consequences5119734301073984130161203251296338384422462494
during3940748301074893116133178224
administration4176748301074086156172217233263289313352377393438483
of4671748301074769
parenteral4751748301074988112152197221260284323339
drugs5102748301074872117164194
requiring5307748301072766113158174198214259305
dilution394076230107496683128155172218265
prior422676230107507592138164
to4407762301073176
administration4501762301074492163180226243274301326366391408455501
with5023762301076583109156
variable5196762301074484109126165212230272
do‑5489762301074996123
sage3940776301073474121163
according4121776301074584121166191237254300348
to4487776301073176
the4581776301073278121
weight47237763010765107124171217242
of4987776301074870
the5075776301073278121
patient5217776301075090115132174221246
(13).5480776301072866102121133
127501425010744
(sufficient)2814142501072356103127154174214233276325351375
227501552010744
(relatively281415520107234891110150177196237281300340
sufficient)3174155201073380104132151192210254302329352
327501680010744
(fair)281416800107234688106133155
427501807010744
(insufficient)281418070107234290123170194221241281300344392419442
62.921528231501094691111155200
%17472315010971
22.92748188201094692112156201
%9651882010971
13.75961116701094687105151194
%11741167010972
0.42130174101094665111155
%1475741010971
Fig.34061801124771125149
1.50761801125071
Knowledge62362301074290135197215253299344383
level10226230107185795132150
based118962301074591121158204
on140962301074592
results15176230107266293138156182213
of174662301074568
the183062301072773111
didactic195762301074564109154191219237274
test22476230107276394121
Tab.340286901124992147170
3.528286901125074
Results647287401074482113157175201232
of896287401074568
the980287401072672110
didactic1106287401074664109154192219237275
test139728740107266394120
by1533287401074682
educational1631287401073883129166210236254299346391409
attainment205728740107457199142160206278316362387
Education44040784712984189135171213242263309355
level44037064712982062103144166
Grade213530110985383124172214
of236530110984672
didactic245430110984667115156193223244281
test275130110982970104134
Total350730710984283112154175
11837313109843
22271313109843
32705313109843
43139313109843
secondary66532510983376113158205252294323366
education66533510984189135172214242263309356
Number123832540955194160204244268
26182032540953977
59225532540953976
12269032540953973
13141325409539
98355632540953979
%1238337409559
of131433740954365
category12383474095367397136180224248287
26.5317743424095397792132169
60.2022063424095397993134173
12.2426453424095397387127163
1.0230983424095394989126
100.00349034240953975116130169210
%1238359409559
of131435940954365
total13963594095256791129146
10.8317753594095397589129168
24.5822093594095397589129168
5.0026603594095395292133
0.4230963594095395392129
40.8335083594095398094134173
higher66537110984667113160202232
education66538110984189135172214242263309356
Number123837140955194160204244268
15182237140953973
35225537140953976
62707371409539
03141371409539
56355637140953978
%1238383409559
of131438340954365
category12383934095367397136180224248287
26.8017723884095397792133173
62.5022083884095397791131169
10.7026443884095397589127165
0.0030943884095395393134
100.00349038840953975116130169210
%1238405409559
of131440540954365
total13964054095256791129146
6.2017924054095395495133
14.6022094054095397488128168
2.5026614054095395393132
0.0030944054095395393134
23.3335104054095397892133170
university66541710984692113155196225260281310352
education66542710984189135172214242263309356
Number123841740955194160204244268
14182241740953974
57225441740953977
15269041740953973
03141417409539
86355541740953979
%1238429409559
of131442940954365
category12384394095367397136180224248287
16.2817754344095397489130168
66.2822064344095397994135173
17.4426474344095397279118160
0.0030944344095395393134
100.00349043440953975116130169210
%1238451409559
of131445140954365
total13964514095256791129146
5.8317934514095395293131
23.7522094514095397892131168
6.2526604514095395495134
0.0030944514095395393134
35.8335104514095397690130169
Total68746910984283112154175
Number123846340955194160204244268
55182146340953976
151223946340953973108
33268946340953976
13141463409539
240353746340953975116
%1238475409559
of131447540954365
total13964754095256791129146
22.9217754754095397892130168
62.9222104754095397791128166
13.7526464754095397387125162
0.4230964754095395392129
100.00349047540953975116130169210