930
KLINICKÁ341804301074588109168189242288347
FARMAKOLOGIE709804301074291138211265312372415474533554598
A13288043010753
FARMACIE1403804301074191138210265316336380
/18298043010732
Klin190680430107446583131
Farmakol2057804301074278105179220258305325
Farm.2402804301074178104179195
2024;38(1):15-212617804301074487128168183227270294334351366403441468507546
/32088043010732
www.klinickafarmakologie.cz4568804301076513320121425327329234035839843647950254457164568672477179183988990895196610061045
161878026012657111
HLAVNÍ341207012670127198263336370
TÉMA733207012657114204274
Medication34136501065284123141176217246263304346
adherence70236501063878119151186219260295327
–1045365010645
the110536501063071103
way122436501065794127
to136636501063069
understand145136501063880119151187221254290331371
patients18383650106326997115147188220253
prescribed34362101095283129166208239261314362415
medication784621010977124177199241286316338389441
regimens125262101092976129151228275326363
(2,16416210109267291
3).17596210109477189
The187462101094698145
consequences34376101094089139175221272322368418459504539
of89976101094976
medication991761010975121173194235279308330379430
non-adherence1437761010950100151180224275325371401446496537582
extend34390101094588120164215266
beyond62590101095197139188238289
individual93090101092171122143186208259308352373
patients131990101095195124145191241270307
and164290101094393144
affect18029010109436998144185217
various343104101094385114135183232266
participants,624104101095093122154174213233283326375404439458
including1097104101092069109129177227248297346
healthcare1458104101094993136156185234274317345389
providers,1862104101095079127343118101094568121169200238259
caregivers,629118101094288119166220242288335366404425
and1081118101094597151
healthcare1259118101095199145167199251294340371418
systems1704118101093783120153199278315
as343132101094379
a4471321010944
whole5161321010966117167189235
(1,77613210109266882
4).88413210109467087
Research996132101094994130176220249290340
has1361132101095093129
revealed1515132101093075118163206228274325
that1866132101093080123153
nearly343146101095199145176199244
half616146101095197119148
of792146101095179
individuals900146101092174127150196219272324370392429
who13581461010968121173
use1560146101095188136
chronic1724146101094294125177230252294
prescription343160101095181126162203233254306336357407457
medications8261601010975121173194234279308329379430465
exhibit1316160101094588139160211233263
some1604160101093686162208
form1837160101092676106182
of343174101094874
non-adherence,431174101094997146174216266314358387431480519562579
leading1024174101092165107157177225275
to1313174101092976
poor14031741010951100148177
health-related1594174101094993135156185233261290334355397343188101093074125
outcomes,484188101094998128167216291336371390
increased890188101092171111140185228263308360
disease1265188101095171106152195230275
progression,1556188101095180129180209254289324345394444463
greater343202101095080125169198243273
healthcare636202101095096139161191241282326355401
service1057202101093581111157179220264
utilization,1341202101095080101122143182227257278328379398
escalating1759202101094581122166187231343216101093051101152
care520216101094084114159
costs,703216101094190125156193212
and940216101094393145
elevated1110216101094567112156200229274326
mortality14612161010975125155187232253274304349
rates1835216101093074103148184
(5,34323010109267088
6).45223010109467087
In560230101092272
Europe,653230101094493123172224270288
poor9632301010951102152182
medication11662301010975121173194235279309330380430
adherence1617230101094495145191221266316357402
is343244101092156
linked41424410109224292134178229
to659244101092978
approximately753244101094394145175223264286360403432477498541
200,0001310244101094591138156202250297
premature1623244101095181125200244273322351396
deaths343258101095196140170220255
annually.615258101094393143193236258279322337
The969258101094596142
financial1127258101092750101144194235256299321
impact1465258101092196147192232264
of1746258101095076
non-18392581010950100150180
-adherence343272101092769119167212240284333372415
is773272101092154
significant,842272101093555104153173198221260303351380398
with1254272101096586115163
the1432272101092977122
annual1568272101094391140188230250
costs1833272101093986121150186
being343286101095198119169220
estimated584286101094581111133208251281326378
at982286101094473
EUR10762861010944101150
1251246286101094787133
billion140028610109517294115136186236
in1657286101092171
Europe1749286101094492122172223270
and343300101094393145
USD5093001010959102162
105692300101094789135
billion84830010109527395116137187237
in1107300101092171
the1199300101093080126
United13463001010959108129160204256
States1624300101094473117147191227
due18733001010951100146
to343314101093080
preventable448314101095282128172217268298343395417463
hospitalizations,9373141010950101137189211241286308329369414444466516567603623
emergency15853141010946122169199250296347388434
care,343328101094186116162181
and550328101094495147
outpatient7233281010950101132185230260282328379409
visits1159328101094466102123154192
(7).137732810109267299116
According1520328101095596136186217268290341393
to1939328101093080
a3433421010943
systematic406342101093680116147191267311340361402
review828342101092975118140185251
of1099342101095076
economic1195342101094687136186236312333374
impact,1589342101092196148192233265284
the1893342101093080126
cost343356101094191128159
of529356101095077
non-adherence6333561010950102153184228281332379410456508550596
for1255356101092778109
various1390356101094489119142193244281
diseases1697356101095274110157201238285322
ranged343370101092974124174220272
from636370101092657106182
$949838370101094790137182
to1041370101093079
$44,1901140370101094793142160201243290
per1451370101095197127
patient1599370101095195125146192242272
per1891370101095298128
year343384101094287131160
(in52238410109264797
2015638384101094691134175
US$)8323841010958102146169
(8).102038410109267195112
Patients483398101094891120141187237267304
with809398101096688118168
chronic999398101094090119169219240281
conditions,1302398101094089139191212242263313364399418
such1742398101093685126176
as1940398101094379
hypertension,343412101095091144190220253297348383404454504523
diabetes,888412101095071115166213243288324343
asthma,1252412101094479110160235279298
and1571412101094494145
chronic1737412101094190120169220241282
obstructive3434261010951104142174205257300333355401447
pulmonary8174261010953105127205257310355386433
disease1277426101095275111159204241289
(COPD),1593426101092678140191252277295
face1915426101092774343440101094085
a4504401010944
heightened516440101095096117168218248292343389441
risk97944010109295186129
of1130440101094976
non-adherence,12284401010950100151180224275325371401446497537582600
with1851440101096688118168
estimated343454101094685117140219265296344398
rates775454101093077109156194
of1003454101095179
50%1116454101094896171
for1321454101092780112
hypertension,1467454101095195150199231265313366403426478531552
50–60%343468101094794143194243317
for686468101092778109
asthma,821468101094481112164240285305
and1152468101094496148
70%1327468101094792166
for1519468101092778109
COPD16544681010953114164225
(9).190546810109267196114
In343482101092272
general,434482101095196147193223267288307
around761482101094373122172222274
4%10544821010947117
of1191482101094976
patients1286482101095196125146192242272309
fail161448210109277192114
to1747482101093079
start1846482101093566111140173
treatment,343496101093059105148178253299350379398
30%762496101094692164
show946496101093686136202
non-adherence11684961010950100150180223275325371400446496537581
by1770496101095193
day1883496101095194136
100,343510101094689137155
and523510101094393145
40%693510101094693166
discontinue884510101095172107148197247277298348397443
their1352510101093080126147177
medications15545101010975121172194234278308329379429465
within343524101096688118168189239
a6065241010944
year674524101094287130160
(10).858524101092668110135152
In1034524101092172
a11305241010943
recent1197524101093075116161211241
cross-over1462524101094070119155190218270313358388
study,1874524101093566116343538101095194109
Dietrich476538101096081127157187208249299
et799538101094575
al.89853810109446584
highlighted1006538101095071122172193214265315345389441
the1471538101093080125
critical162053810109417092122143184228249
importance18935381010921963435521010951102132165209259300344
of704552101095076
medication7975521010975121173194235279309330380430
adherence1244552101094495145191221266316357402
for1663552101092676106
stroke178655210109366696145188233
patients343566101095195125146192242272309
with672566101096688118168
atrial860566101094473103124168189
fibrillation,1069566101092751102132154175196240269290340391410
particularly1499566101095195125158179219269290334364385428
in1948566101092171
relation34358010109297496139169190239289
to648580101093079
direct743580101095071101145187219
oral977580101095079123145
anticoagulants1137580101094493123144184232276327376397441491520556
(DOACs)1709580101092685148201251287310
to343594101093079
prevent447594101095181126170214265294
thromboembolic766594101093080109159235286337383459510561583604644
events1435594101094689133184213250
(11).1710594101092668106125142
The1877594101094596142
adherence343608101094496147193224270321362408
rates777608101092974104150186
to989608101093080
DOACs10956081010961125179230267
show1388608101093687138205
significant1619608101093657109160181208233274319370400
variability,343622101094387117138182233255276297327373388
ranging751622101093074124175196246297
from1069622101092657106182
38,0%1271622101094793112159231
to1523622101093079
99,7%1623622101094693109155226
(12).1870622101092568108132149
Often,343636101096393127173225245
suboptimal614636101093788141193246277299377422444
adherence1085636101094497149196227273325368413
is1525636101092258
associated1610636101094481118169212234279309355409
with343650101096688118169
patient537650101095196125147192243272
perceptions835650101095198128168213265295316366417452
of1312650101095077
limited1414650101092142118139170214266
benefits1706650101095198148194221245276313
and343664101094494145
the514664101093080126
challenges666664101094090134156177223274325371407
of1099664101094976
adhering1201664101094395145191221243293344
to1571664101093079
the1676664101093080126
strict182766410109366797119160192
dosing3436781010951102139160212263
schedule633678101093678128175228279301347
of1006678101095178
DOACs,11106781010961125179231268288
which14246781010968119141182233
is1683678101092258
crucial1767678101094171122164186230252
due3436921010951101147
to515692101093079
their620692101093080126148177
short823692101093686136166199
half-lives1048692101095093115142169192213257302338
of1411692101095077
815136921010946
to1585692101093079
171690692101094686
hours18016921010951101151181218
(11).343706101092669107127145
Kim514706101095073149
et690706101094577
al.79370610109446685
found905706101092677128179232
in1163706101092172
their1261706101093182128150181
study1468706101093668118171215
that1709706101093081125156
the1891706101093081128
risk34372010109305288131
for500720101092777108
cardiovascular634720101094186116168189240284328365406457479523553
events1213720101094690135187217254
was14947201010967111147
lowest1668720101092172139185221253
in1947720101092172
patients343734101095093122142186236264300
who6587341010965114163
took835734101093077126168
at1018734101094371
least1104734101092165108142172
90%1291734101094591162
of1468734101094874
their1557734101092978122143171
prescribed1743734101095180124158198227247343748101095198150
DOAC5107481010960123176227
doses7547481010951101137182218
(13).990748101092567108131148
This1156748101094495116152
observation13257481010950101137183213259303333354404454
aligns179774810109436586136187222
with343762101096586116165
findings52376210109264998148169218267302
by840762101095192
Solla-Ruiz947762101094493114135177206255304324362
et1324762101094575
al.141476210109426382
who15117621010965115164
reported1690762101092973124173202234278329
increased343776101092170110140184227262307358
thromboembolic717776101092979108156231282332377452503553574595635
events1367776101094588132181210247
in1629776101092170
patients1715776101095194123144189239268304
with2138188101096688118168
less2322188101092167102138
than2476188101093080123173
95%2665188101094692161
adherence2842188101094495145191220266316357401
to3259188101093079
DOAC33541881010960123176226
doses35961881010951101137182218
compared2138202101094190167219264294340393
to2557202101093080
those2663202101093081131168214
with2903202101096789120171
perfect3100202101095299129159205247280
adherence3406202101094496147194224270321363408
(14).2138216101092668109133150
These2311216101094596142178224
findings2558216101092650100151172223273309
stress289021610109356696141177213
the3126216101092979125
importance3274216101092196148199229261306356396441
of3738216101094976
optimizing21382301010949101130151226247285307356407
DOAC25602301010960123176226
adherence2801230101094494144189219264314354399
for3215230101092676106
effective3336230101094572101147188219240284328
treatment36802301010929591032138244101094373148194245274
(11).2431244101092668106125142
Studies2278258101094575126178200247284
have2588258101095195139184
shown2799258101093687138206258
that3083258101093082126157
factors3266258101092772114147197228266
contributing355825810109419114317320422621382721010953105136158210263
to2428272101093081
non-adherence25362721010951103155186231284336384415462514557603
are3166272101094475122
multifaceted33152721010977128151182204232278321367399445499
and2138286101094597151
complex2318286101094293171225249297342
(15–17).2689286101092771113162206247275293
Patient3012286101094994125148195248279
perceptions,33212861010953101133175222276307330382435472493
beliefs,21383001010953101125148196224264285
and2455300101094497151
attitudes2638300101094576110133165217271319357
toward3027300101093182151198229282
medication,33423001010977125180202245292323346398451472
as2138314101094582
well22473141010968115138161
as2435314101094481
concerns2544314101094192144187233265318354
about2926314101094498151203234
side3187314101093759113160
effects,3374314101094775106154197231269290
are3691314101094576123
influential213832810109217198122171217267297318361383
in2545328101092171
shaping2640328101093685129180202252303
their2967328101093080125147177
adherence3168328101094394144190220265316357401
behavior35933281010951981481922138342101094365115145
(5).230534210109267094111
Moreover,24383421010973123153198249292336366381
economic2841342101094587135186236312333373
factors,3236342101092771112144193223260279
such3537342101093685126176
as3735342101094379
unemployment,2138356101094997142215265286335375449494543571590
poverty,27423561010951100141185213245289303
and3059356101094392141
high3215356101094969118167
medication33973561010973118168189228271299319368417
costs,2138370101094088123153190209
play2362370101095172115156
a25343701010943
significant2592370101093556106155176202226266309359387
role299537010109297899144
in3155370101092170
non-adherence3241370101094998148177220271320365394439489529573
(Table2138384101092673111163185231
1)2395384101094666
(15,2487384101092568109126
17).2639384101094686112129
These2794384101094596142179225
multifaceted30443841010976125147177199225270311356386431484
factors3553384101092771112145194224261
underline2138398101094999150196225247268318363
the2517398101093079125
need2658398101095095141193
for2867398101092675105
tailored298839810109307495116166195240292
measures32963981010975120164199248277322358
and3670398101094393144
interventions213841210109216997141169214257306335355403452486
to2638412101093077
improve2729412101092194144173221262305
medication30494121010973118168188227270299319367416
adherence34794121010943931411852142583072138426101094085
and2242426101094393145
patient2406426101095195125146191242271
outcomes2697426101094999129169218293339375
(15,3091426101092668109126
17–19).3236426101094786128169210235252
Accurate2278440101095697138189219264295341
assessment2645440101094481118165202238315362414444
of3116440101095077
medication32204401010976123177199240286316338389441
adherence36874401010944972138454101095198129175227269314
is2479454101092158
essential2563454101094683120166218249270315337
for2927454101092677108
designing3062454101095298135157209261282334386
effective3474454101094674105152194227249294340
treatment2138468101093161108153184262310362393
plans2557468101095376121173210
and2793468101094597150
interventions2970468101092173104150181229276328359381432485521
(20,3518468101092673120139
21).3684468101094791112130
Various2138482101095091120141190240275
methods24294821010974119149199248299334
are2779482101094372117
available2911482101094385128149170213264286331
to3257482101093078
assess3351482101094378113158194229
adherence,35954821010943941441892138496101092972121161204221
each2373496101094486125173
with2560496101096586115163
its273749610109215085
advantages2836496101094292134177225254296345390424
and3274496101094391141
limitations3429496101092040113134162205234254302351384
(22,2138510101092670117135
23).2292510101094793116133
The2444510101094596142
choice2605510101094090140162202247
of2871510101094976
measurement29665101010975121165200249279324400446496526
method35115101010975121151201251303
is2138524101092156
crucial,2213524101094069120161182225246265
as2497524101094378
it2594524101092151
can2663524101094185135
impact2816524101092196148192233265
the3099524101093080126
accuracy3243524101094384124173203247288333
of3594524101094976
the3688524101093080126
results.2138538101092974110159181211247267
For2421538101094392122
example,2559538101094588131206258279325343
patient2918538101095195125146191241271
self-reports3205538101093581103130156187232283334364396433
may36545381010975118160
lead2138552101092269115168
to2333552101093081
under-reporting24415521010951103157204235262294341395447479513535587640
or3108552101095082
over-reporting,3217552101095095141173199231278332384416450472524577597
while21385661010966117138159205
electronic2362566101094567112154186216265316337377
medication27585661010975121173194234279308329379430
monitoring32065661010975125176197227276306328378429
may36535661010975119161
not21385801010950100130
confirm2287580101094089139166190219295
actual2601580101094384116166210231
consumption2851580101094089140175224300351381402452503
(24–26).3373580101092570114162205250273291
The2278594101094597143
aims2447594101094465142177
of2650594101095077
this2753594101093081102138
review2917594101093075119141188255
were31985941010966112142188
to3412594101093080
provide3518594101095182132175197249296
a21386081010943
comprehensive2199608101094089165216246291342388438473494538583
examination2799608101094689132208229279322352373423474
of3290608101095076
medication33846081010975121173194234279308329379430
adherence2138622101094394144189219264314355399
and2553622101094393144
to2712622101093079
deepen2807622101095095141193239289
our3112622101094999128
understanding3256622101094999150196225262292336386437458508558
of2138636101094976
the2236636101093080126
underlying2384636101094999151196226248291313363414
mechanisms28206361010975121162212256306327362437473
of3315636101094976
non-adherence,341363610109501001501802232753253702138650101092975125166210229
recognizing2392650101092974116164216266287326347397448
it2865650101092151
as2941650101094379
a30456501010943
significant3113650101093556107157178205229270314364393
issue353165010109215692141187
in3743650101092171
clinical213866410109416486138160202248271
practice.2436664101095284129172205227270316335
It2798664101092254
acknowledges2879664101094487131184236304327375428481529566
that3472664101093183128159
medication365866410109771242138678101095172113157187208258309
adherence,2473678101094395145191221267317358403422
while29206781010967117139160206
being3152678101095198119170221
of3398678101095077
vital350067810109446596140162
importance,368767810109229721386921010951102132165209259300344363
is2525692101092156
also2605692101094465100151
a27806921010943
complex2847692101094189165216238284327
issue319869210109215792142187
influenced340969210109217298122172217268309353405
by2138706101095193
numerous2255706101095099175221250300350386
factors2664706101092671111143192222259
(27–31).2946706101092671115157202243263280
To3249706101094589
address3362706101094394146175221257292
this3677706101093080101137
complexity,2138720101094087162212233278320341370414428
a25817201010943
multi-approach26397201010974123144173193221264314365394443486525574
strategy322872010109356594137166210260302
may35467201010974116157
be3718720101095096
necessary2138734101095096137182218253298327373
to2531734101093079
gain2631734101095094115165
deeper2816734101095197143195241271
insights3108734101092171106127178228257294
into3423734101092171100149
adherence35937341010943951451902138748101092974124164208
behavior2362748101095197147190231253302332
(32).2710748101092569113136153
Furthermore,2878748101094491121153202247277352401431476494
collaboration33877481010941891101311742252753053483783982138762101094999
among22527621010943117166216266
healthcare2533762101095095138159188237277321350394
professionals,2942762101095181129155200235270291340389432453488506
including3464762101092170110131180230251300350
physicians,21387761010951102143179200240261305355390409
nurses,25637761010950100129166211247267
and2846776101094393144
pharmacists,30067761010952102146175251294335356391422459478
is3500776101092156
essential3572776101094581117162213393418810109315398120
for4081188101092779110
addressing4218188101094598151182229267304326378431
non-adherence46761881010951103155186231284336384415462514557603
(33,5306188101092673119138
34).5471188101094796121139
Standardized3934202101094471114163213255284334354392436486
reporting4435202101092973124173202234254303352
forms,4802202101092674103177212230
questionnaires,5047202101095098143178207228276325374417437465509544563
and3934216101094391141
improved4090216101092194144173221263306356
care4461216101094083111155
coordination4631216101094087136165215235284326354375423472
can5118216101094082131
all526421610109436383
simplify53622161010935551291792002203934230101092672
the4021230101093079125
evaluation4161230101094588131152202245274295344394
of4571230101094975
adherence4662230101094394143188218263313353397
and5075230101094392143
ultimately5234230101094970100121195238268312333376
lead3934244101092268113165
to4125244101093181
better4232244101095299130163209239
patient4498244101095297127149195247277
outcomes48012441010950102132173223300347383
(35–38).5211244101092671116164210257282300
In5537244101092273
addressing3934258101094394146175220256291312362413
medication43632581010975121172194234278308329378429
non-adherence,4808258101095099150179222274324369399444494535579598
a54222581010943
key5481258101094286129
challenge3934272101094193139161184231284337384
is4345272101092259
the4431272101093082130
limited4588272101092244122145176223277
awareness48922721010944112158189236289336374411
among53302721010944122174227280
stakeholders,3934286101093769115159205257309332386433464502523
often4484286101095078113159211
resulting4722286101093178115166189220242294347
in5096286101092274
its519728610109215391
exclusion531528610109469113215420624326539343001010949100
from4054300101092657106182
national4256300101095093123144194245288310
health4586300101095095139160190240
policy48463001010952102124145186231
agendas.5097300101094394140190242285321340
This5458300101094495116152
oversight3934314101095095141172209231284335366
contributes4326314101094292144174205227280332363410447
to4799314101093181
inadequate4907314101092173118171218271322367398444
monitoring537731410109771291812033934328101093079110132182234
and4193328101094495147
utilization4365328101095081102124145184230260281332383
of4774328101094976
adherence4876328101094495146192223268319360405
metrics,53073281010976122153183205246283303
ultimately3934342101095072102124200244275320342386
limiting4346342101092143119141171193244295
the4667342101093081127
enhancement4820342101094697148192243284329406452503533
of5379342101095077
healthcare54823421010950973934356101094568101154197244276324
outcomes.42973561010951104136179230310359397419
Healthcare47553561010960109155179211264308355387435
providers5228356101095386138184208262310343382
frequently3934370101092657103155205251301331352396
underestimate43553701010950101152198228274310341362438482511556
the4937370101093080126
prevalence5089370101095182127170215236282333374419
of5533370101095077
non-adherence,39343841010950100150180223275325371401446496537582600
and4550384101094494145
there4711384101093080126156201
is4928384101092157
a50013841010943
notable50603841010950100130175226248294
lack5370384101092165106148
of5534384101094976
evidence-based,3934398101094589111163209260301346376429474510556609628
cost-effective4588398101094089125156182231258288334376408430474519
strategies513339810109356796141171216268289335372
to5530398101093080
improve3934412101092196148178227270315
adherence4270412101094495145191221266317357402
at4694412101094373
a47884121010944
systemic4854412101093579115146190266287328
level5204412101092167110154176
(7).540241210109267197114
In5538412101092272
summary,3934426101093685160236279309354369
medication43294261010975121172194234278308329379429
adherence4784426101094394145190220265316357401
is5211426101092156
a52924261010944
critical536142610109407091121143183227249
factor3934440101092670110142190220
for4169440101092776105
therapeutic4290440101093079124154197248294343373394434
success,4740440101093584124163207243278297
and5052440101094393144
this5211440101093079100135
review5362440101092973116138183248
explores3934454101094588140162212242287323
its427645410109215188
challenges.4383454101094191134156177222273324369405425
History39344790014781112162206273316380
of43424790014767106
medication447547900147102165236267322384426456524594
adherence39344930014761131200263307369439493554
The40745101010946101150
historical4259510101095175113147199232256300348372
perspective46655101010953103136175230280325360383430478
on51785101010951105
patient53185101010953100133157205259292
adherence3934524101094496148194226272324366411
in4373524101092172
medicine44735241010975122176198240262313360
traces4861524101093060106148193230
its511952410109215290
origins5237524101094981103155178229265
to5530524101093080
ancient3934538101094496138161208261292
times,4254538101093052130177215236
with4518538101096790122174
Hippocrates4720538101095982135189241285316361393439477
being52255381010952100123175227
the5480538101093182130
first393455210109275283121154
to4116552101093081
have4225552101095096140186
highlighted4439552101095173126178200223276327359405459
the4926552101093082129
challenges5083552101094193138161184231283336383421
of5532552101095078
relying393456610109297598142165216267
on42195661010950101
patient-reported4338566101095196127149195246277303335381433485515549594647
medication50035661010975122175197238283313335386437
use.5458566101095086133152
This3934580101094495116151
concern4101580101094088138179223253303
persisted4420580101095197126163184219250294345
through4782580101092979108157207257307
the5105580101093079124
centuries,5246580101094084134163212242264309344364
notably39345941010951102134180233257301
with4263594101096891122174
the4465594101093082130
discovery4623594101095174111153204248295326373
of5024594101095179
tuberculosis5131594101093081135183214256308331382420442479
as3934608101094380
a40366081010943
contagious4101608101094090141171217268291341392429
disease4552608101095072109155200236283
in4857608101092172
1882.4950608101094790138184204
Monitoring51766081010972123175197228278309331382434
patient3934622101095196127149195247277
adherence,4229622101094496147193224270322364409428
particularly4675622101095197127161183224275297341372395438
among51326221010943119170221273
transient54236221010930611061573934636101093761110164197
individuals4171636101092175131155202227282336383407446
and4657636101094498153
alcoholics,4850636101094569114166221274299323368408430
proved5320636101095386139186234290
challenging.3934650101094294141164188236290344367420474495
In4458650101092276
the4562650101093184133
early4724650101094693124148194
20th4947650101094896504765070641849
century,5125650101094289142174227259307324
the5478650101093184133
convergence3934664101094090142185231262314360412454500
of4461664101095077
urbanization,4566664101094980133178230252292338369391442493513
industrialization,51076641010921721251752122442752973423643864264733934678101093052103154174
and4131678101094495147
social4302678101093586129151195217
disparities4543678101095173109161206237259290312359395
shaped4962678101093687131183231283
views5269678101094366112180216
on55096781010950101
non-adherence.39346921010950101152182227279330377408454505547592612
Efforts4566692101094472103153184218255
to4842692101093080
address4942692101094396148178224261298
this5260692101093081103139
issue541969210109215894144191
had3934706101095196149
been41117061010952101149201
limited4340706101092244122145177223277
until46457061010950102134156179
World48527061010977127159182235
War51157061010978121152
II,529570610109224667
when53907061010967120167220
it3934720101092254
gained4021720101095298122175224279
renewed4333720101093078132181251299354
attention,4720720101094477112159213245269322376397
particularly51497201010953100133168191235288312358391415461
among39347341010944121172224277
tuberculous4238734101093082135183214256307329381433470
veterans.4735734101094490122168199245296333354
The5117734101094597145
introduction5289734101092273104135186239290393474810109407395146197
of4153748101094977
antibiotics4251748101094495125147199222272303325367405
in4677748101092172
the4770748101093081128
late491974810109216696142
1940s5082748101094789137186223
offered5326748101095077108154185231284
hope39347621010950100153200
for4151762101092777108
tuberculosis4277762101092980132179209250300323373410431467
treatment,4762762101093060106150180256303354384404
but51847621010951102133
patient5334762101095196127148195246276
non-adherence39347761010950101152182227279330377408454505547592
remained4552776101093076152197219270317369
a49477761010944
frustration5017776101092658109145177207252283305356407
(39).5450776101092671117142160
Tab.214362101124991145167
1.232662101125070
Various243862601074586111128172217246
factors269862601072366103130172197228
contributing294062601073880126150174192236281306323368412
to336762601072669
non-adherence345062601074691136162209253299336361397442478514
Factor21747640984180116147192221
Category24127640984788117158206252281324
Specific31657640984289131169190216239276
Factors34577640984180116147192222256
Impact44037640982190137179216246
on46667640984591
Non-Adherence477476409854100147174225272318360390432479516557
Patient21749340984585114135177224252
Beliefs24439340984688110131173200235
Perception31658870954078102137175220244262305348
of35318870954264
medication361288709566106150167204241265282325369
necessity;39988870954383120158188218235260298313
concerns31659870953677121157196219263293
about34759870953781125168194
side3686987095304791130
effects3834987095396085124161188219
Influential4403887095176081101144183227251268304321
in47428870951659
shaping48198870953073109153171214258
adherence50948870953781124164188226269306344
behavior44039870954484128164200218261285
Economic217411540984178123170216284306342
Factors253311540984079116146192221256
High316511070955067111154
medication3337110709565105150167203240265282325368
costs;372311070953677108134165178
unemployment;316512070954286125191235253296332398438481505520
poverty370312070954488124163187215253
Significant44031107095375498141157179197233270313338
role47581107095246684123
in489911070951659
non-adherence,497611070954386130155192236279319342381424461499512
particularly440312070954481105133150186229246283307324360
in478112070951659
marginalized4858120709565102126169186229265283299332371416
groups529112070954467110153197227
Complexity217413740984792161208230272313335363406
of259613740984572
Regimens268413740984688135156225267314348
Multiple3165132709562105122147165209227266
medications;3449132709565105150167203240264282325368398411
strict3878132709530568097134161
dosing405613270954487117134177221
schedules;316514270953066109149194236254293323337
long-term351914270951760104148173199237261327
treatment38641427095244887123148214253296321
Increases44031327095176096120159195225264295
the471513270952568108
difficulty48401327095446182107125161204221246284
of514213270954364
adherence;522413270953680123163187225269305343357
prevalent440314270954468107144181198237281305
in472514270951760
chronic480214270953679103145189206242
diseases50611427095446190130166196235266
Side217415940984263110152
Effects23431594098416796138175205240
Fear316515470953775112135
of331815470954264
adverse340015470953680117156180211250
reactions;36681547095236298134162179222265295308
impact399415470951782127164200228
on423915470954386
quality316516470954386123140157182220
of340316470954264
life3484164709517345695
Leads440315470953674111155184
to460515470952567
intentional46891547095176084122165189207250293330347
non-adherence505315470954387130156192236279319343382425461499
or440316470954367
discontinuation44871647095446190127169212236253296339375400417460504
of500816470954364
therapy509016470952568108131169213249