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Medication386236501065284123141176217246263304346
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way474536501065794127
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This119876101094699121158
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need34390101095096142194
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a686901010943
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set108090101093581111
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properties727104101095181131182229259291312358394
(66).1143104101092671118142159
It1325104101092151
is1399104101092156
hence1478104101095095146187231
evident1732104101094588110161207257287
that343118101093183129160
a5331181010945
practical608118101095385131174208230273319342
validated981118101094490113136189235266313368
tool1379118101093182135158
to1568118101093082
measure16801181010977125171209260292339
medication3431321010977125179201243289320342394446
adherence816132101094598150198229276328371417
is1260132101092258
needed.1345132101095299147201248302323
Arnet1695132101095687140187219
et1941132101094678
al.34314610109446685
developed454146101095197141186209259312359411
and891146101094495147
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a14451461010944
novel15151461010950101144189212
questionnaire175214610109521021481852162373431601010949100150194215244289
named653160101095093168214266
15-STARS939160101094787117160206255304349
(Screening1308160101092668109139184230281302352403
Tool1731160101094589139161
for1913160101092676106
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to793174101093079
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The1345174101094495141
objective15041741010949101123168210242263307351
was18731741010966110146
to343188101093079
create439188101094170115159189233
a6901881010943
self-report751188101093581103130157187233284335365398
instrument1166188101092171107138167217293339389419
specifically1602188101093687133175196223247287331353374417
assessing343202101094582119166204241263315368
medication7382021010977124178200243289319342393446
non-adherence.12112021010951103155186231285337384416462515557604623
This1861202101094699121158
tool343216101093078128150
is508216101092156
designed580216101095095131151202251296348
to943216101093078
meet10372161010975120166196
several1249216101093580123167196240261
criteria:152621610109406990120164194215258275
quick18172161010950100120161202
to343230101092978
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suitable822230101093583104134177228249294
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implementation1389244101092299152175222299346398429474505527578630
phase;3432581010952104148184231249
capable619258101094186138183235258305
of950258101095077
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changeable343272101094191136187238285329381404450
factors819272101092772113146196226264
behind1109272101095299150172222275
non-adherence;14102721010950101152182226279329376406452504545590609
and343286101094496149
incorporating519286101092173116166197251303334380411433484537
a10832861010944
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adherence.449300101094497149197228275328370416436
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15-STARS1086300101094789120165212264314361
questionnaire14743001010952104151189221243295348400445467498545
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good9113141010951101152204
acceptability,1141314101094384124169221251296348370391413443488503
low1670314101092172138
rates1834314101092974104149185
of343328101094975
missing434328101097495129164185234284
responses,734328101092974109160210259294339375393
and1143328101094392143
satisfactory1301328101093680109129164191235275306355384429
validity1746328101094286107127178199228273
and343342101094393145
reliability50934210109297496117161212234255276306351
with881342101096688118168
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psychometric1504342101095287131171221271346392423452474515
properties343356101095181131183229259292313358394
(64).756356101092670119142160
Interventions3433810014732101143205248313374443485516584653703
–10733810014760
the11613810014742111173
way13623810014789151209
forward15983810014738107150244305348418
The483398101094596142
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of1171398101094976
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healthcare189339810109499534341210109436595145186230259305
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enhanced1031412101094595146189239280325376
by1429412101095193
frequent1544412101092656102153203249299329
patient189441210109519634342610109305196147176
interactions,542426101092171101145175220260292313363414449468
particularly1033426101095196125158179220269291334364386429
those1484426101093080130166212
focused1718426101092776118168203249301
on3434401010950101
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A9244401010956
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by1246440101095295
Gregoriano1367440101095990136188239270292336387438
et1831440101094577
al.193444010109446685
showed343454101093687138206251305
significant674454101093658109161182210235276321372403
improvements1103454101092198151181232276321398445497527565
in1694454101092273
adherence1793454101094496148194343468101092975125166210
among5704681010943118168219270
asthma856468101094379110160235279
and1151468101094393145
COPD13124681010952112161220
patients1548468101095195125146192242272308
due18734681010950100146
to343482101093080
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support,1074482101093686138191242273306325
which14254821010967118140181232
included1683482101092172113135185237283336
audio343496101094393144165215
reminders579496101092975150172222273319349385
and985496101094393145
feedback1151496101092671118170221265306348
on15204961010949100
the1641496101092979125
intake1787496101092171101145187232
patterns343510101095399130164211242295332
of704510101095179
inhaled812510101092274127172195243297
medication,11385101010977125179202244290322344396449469
as1636510101094582
well17475101010968115139161
as1937510101094582
regular343524101093075127177198242272
support640524101093685137189240270303
calls969524101094084106127163
for1157524101092777107
non-adherent12895241010950101151181225276327372403448499528
patients.1843524101095196125147343538101094596125162181
This546538101094596117152
method7205381010975121152202252303
is1045538101092157
more11235381010976126156201
effective1346538101094572101147188221242286330
than1698538101093080123173
the1893538101093080126
limited,343552101092142118139169214266285
predefined649552101095282127179224252275325371423
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often343566101095179114161214
used588566101095188136190
in809566101092274
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studies.1160566101093769121175198246283304
Furthermore,1495566101094596127161214262293372425457504524
a3435801010943
randomized410580101093074124175225301322361406458
clinical89258010109406283133154194239260
trial117658010109305981124146
by1346580101095193
Sulaiman1463580101094493115158180255299349
et1835580101094676
al.193558010109436584
confirmed343594101094088137163186215290335386
these744594101092978123159203
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demonstrating1300594101095095169218268303333362405434454504553
that1869594101092978121150
repeated343608101092974126172216245290342
feedback701608101092671118169221265305347
significantly1064608101093657107158179205229269313363393414457
improved1537608101092196147177227269314366
inhaler1919608101092171343622101095094115161191
adherence560622101094395145191221266317358403
(67).988622101092671115140158
In1171622101092272
a12696221010943
systematic1338622101093679115146191267311341362403
review1766622101093075119140186253
comparing343636101094089165216260290312362412
interventions,772636101092172101146176222267317347368417468503523
Torres-Robles1312636101094489119149194230258308358410432477513
et1842636101094576
al.193563610109436584
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that,785650101092978120148167
over967650101094889133161
the1143650101092978122
past1280650101095093127157
decade,1452650101094994134176226270288
diverse1755650101094970112155184219264
interventions343664101092171101146176222267317347368418468504
demonstrated872664101095196172222273308339369413442487539
positive14376641010951102137158189210254298
effects1761664101094572102147189221258
on3436781010949100
medication4616781010975121173194235279309330379430
adherence909678101094495145191221266316357402
and1329678101094393145
clinical149267810109406182133154194238260
outcomes177067810109491001301692183436921010976122159
(68).528692101092671119144161
Effective715692101094572102148190223244289334
adherence1075692101094496147193224269321362407
interventions1508692101092172102148178225270322352373424475511
have343706101095196139185
been5547061010952100147199
associated779706101094581118169211233278308354407
with1213706101096790121172
positive14117061010953105141163194216261307
results,1744706101093076113164186217255275
including343720101092171112134184235256307358
achieving726720101094485135156202245267317368
viral112072010109436595139161
suppression1306720101093685137189219264301336357407458
in1790720101092171
HIV1887720101095881132
patients343734101095297127148195246276313
(69),682734101092671117142160
lowering868734101092172139184215237287339
lipid123373410109214395117169
levels1428734101092168112157179215
and1669734101094495147
total1841734101093180111156178
cholesterol343748101094191142164210247278323354404426
in795748101092172
individuals893748101092172124145190212264314358380416
taking1335748101093075118141191243
lipid-lowering160474810109214395117169198221272339384343762101092951101152
medications5137621010975121173194235279308330379430465
(70),996762101092672116141158
reducing1172762101092974126176217238288339
HbA1c15297621010959110165204240
levels,1788762101092166110154176211231
decreasing3437761010952100144175222268306328381434
hospitalizations,8087761010951104141195218250296319342383430462484536589626647
and1486776101094597151
lowering1668776101092274143190222245297351
all-cause21386210109436586115158202252287333
mortality2495621010975125155188232254275305350
in286962101092171
patients296562101095195125146191242271308
with329762101096788118168
diabetes349062101095071115166213243288324
mellitus2138761010976122144166187217268304
(71).246776101092672117136154
The264676101094697143
incorporation281576101092172113162193245296327371401423473524
of336576101094976
technical346776101093075117168218239280325347
components,213890101094088163213263313358408437473492
involving264690101092170112160181224246295345
gadgets,300790101095093143194239269305324
instruments,334690101092171105136165214289334384413449468
or2138104101095080
systems2244104101093579116147192268303
that2573104101093080124154
facilitate2752104101092772112134155176207251281326
medication31041041010975122174195236280310331382433
intake,3562104101092172101146189233252
can2138118101094186138
enhance2302118101094698149194245287333
medication26611181010976124177199240286316338389441
adherence.3128118101094497148195226272324366412431
These3585118101094698145182229
interventions2138132101092171101145175222266317346367417468503
are2661132101094473118
helpful2800132101095096118169196246268
for3088132101092676106
individuals3215132101092171122143187209260310353375410
with3646132101096688118168
memory21381461010975121197247277322
issues248614610109215692141187223
or2734146101094979
busy28391461010951101137180
social3045146101093585127148191213
lives328314610109214286131167
that3475146101093080124153
may36541461010975118160
otherwise2138160101094979129175205274296331377
limit2536160101092142117138168
their2725160101093080126147177
ability2922160101094495117138159189235
to3177160101093079
adhere3277160101094394145190220265
to3563160101093079
medication366216010109761212138174101095172113157186207257308
routines2465174101092979129159180230276312
(68).2796174101092670117142159
One22781881010962113159
of2454188101094977
the2548188101093080126
valuable2692188101094387109159203255277323
interventions3033188101092171101146176223268319349370421471507
in3558188101092171
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patient2474202101095299132155204257289
adherence2794202101094499152201233281335379426
in3251202101092175
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management,21382161010977123175221275323401450503534555
particularly2722216101095299131165188231283307353384408453
in3204216101092174
primary3306216101095385108187233264312
care3647216101094187119167
settings,2138230101093785118153176229283321343
is2510230101092159
multidrug25982301010977130154186209264296349403
punch30302301010953106159203256
cards.3315230101094188120174212234
These35782301010946100149187236
tools2138244101093080131154190
are2346244101094373119
designed2483244101095197134156207258305357
to2858244101093080
organize2956244101094980131176226248288334
and3308244101094394146
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multiple21382581010977130153186209263288336
medications,25032581010977126181204247294326350402456494515
thereby3047258101093184132164212267312
enhancing33882581010946100153199252296319372426
adherence2138272101094394144190220266316357402
and2557272101094393144
safety.2718272101093580107152183228244
In2979272101092171
their3067272101093080126148177
study,3261272101093667116168211226
Boeni3504272101094999145196217
et3738272101094575
al.213828610109436484
demonstrated2239286101095095170220270306337366410440485536
that2792286101093079123152
multidrug29612861010974124145176197248278328378
punch33562861010951101151192241
cards3614286101094084114164200
led2138300101092166118
to2273300101092978
high2368300101094970120170
patient2555300101095095124145191241270
satisfaction2842300101093579109130165193237278310331380431
and3289300101094393144
improved3450300101092195146176225268312364
adherence.2138314101094496148195226273324367412432
Particularly2598314101094892123157179221272295339370393437
beneficial3063314101095299151198227252294316360383
for3474314101092677109
older3610314101095073126173204
adults2138328101094395145167198235
managing23913281010975119169214265287337389
polypharmacy,27973281010951103125169222273317347423467509554570
these3384328101093081127163210
cards3611328101094085115167203
enhanced2138342101094595145189239280324376
medication25313421010975120172194235279309330380430
safety2978342101093680107152183228
and3223342101094393145
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of3572342101094975
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with2138356101096689120171
their2330356101093081127150180
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being2840356101095198121172223
influenced308535610109217299124174221272314359412
by3518356101095295
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in2138370101092170
healthcare2225370101094994137158188237278322351396
professionals2637370101095080129155200236271292341391434456490
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individual3303370101092170121142185207258307350371
patient3691370101095094213838410109305197148179
experiences.2334384101094589141188218241287338379424461481
The2833384101094496142
study2993384101093567117169212
encourages3223384101094596137187237267312363410446
healthcare3687384101095096213839810109436494143183227256300
professionals2455398101095080128155200235270291340390433454489
to2960398101093078
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recommend3357398101092974115163237311356406457
these2138412101092979124159205
cards2359412101094083112163198
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patients2667412101095194124145190240269305
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medication351041210109731191701912312752138426101093052103154
routines,2311426101093080131162184235282319339
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in3404440101092173
primary3506440101095183106184229260308
care2138454101094083112157
(51).2311454101092569111130147
The2474454101094494139
use2630454101094883128
of2774454101094975
medication28654541010974119170191231275304325374424
charts3305454101094089132161193230
in3551454101092070
daily3637454101095093113135177
practice2138468101095182127169202224265311
with2471468101096689120171
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focus2729468101092777120170207
on29584681010949101
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and2138482101094394147
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and2571482101094394146
conditions’2740482101094190142194216247269320371407427
has3190482101095095131
been3344482101095198146197
recognized35644821010929751181672202138496101095071111157209
by2365496101095193
both24764961010951102132183
physicians26774961010950102144180202243264308359395
and3089496101094494146
pharmacists32524961010951103147177253297338360396427465
as3734496101094379
beneficial.2138510101095299151198226251293316360383403
In2569510101092173
a26695101010944
narrative2741510101095095125157202233255300346
systematic3115510101093681118150196273318349371413
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al.,269952410109436686106
patients2833524101095197127149196248278316
with3177524101096689120171
a33755241010944
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chart2264538101094091136166200
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an2816538101094495
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in3279538101092172
medication33765381010975122175197238283314336386438
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862779552101094694
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933096552101094691
%,3211552101097293
as3328552101094379
measured34315521010975122167203253284330383
by2138566101095194
pill225056610109517496118
counting,2386566101094090141192222244295346366
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those3278566101093081132168215
without3511566101096689120170221272303
a21385801010943
medication21995801010974120172194235280310331381432
chart.2649580101094090134164197217
These2884580101094495141178224
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care2652622101094085116162
facility.2832622101092672113135157179210256273
Medication31236221010972119172194235280311333384435
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list250863610109224583116
all265363610109456892
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a28836361010944
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medications,365563610109771262138650101095174116161192215266318355376
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drugs.2644664101095181132184220240
They2902664101094596143186
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as3146678101094378
a32416781010943
hardcopy3300678101094992122172213261312354
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serve2138692101093581111157202
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tool3016692101092978128151
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patients3505692101095195125146192242272309
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providers,2757706101095183134178201254301333371392
such3176706101093687130181
as3385706101094481
doctors,34947061010951102145179229261299320
nurses,21387201010950102133171218256276
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pharmacists.26187201010952105150181258304346368405437476496
For3142720101094495126
patients,3296720101095298129151198250281320340
one36647201010950102150
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their2248734101093083132156188
roles2465734101093183108156195
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that2779734101093084130162
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an3080734101094598
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reminder3444734101093078158181235289338370
tool.2138748101093080132155176
Healthcare23417481010959107152174206257299345376422
providers2791748101095183133178201253300332369
find3188748101092752103156
medication33717481010976123177199241286317340391443
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record3365762101092975118167198250
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interdisciplinary3166776101092275107154186240263301344367422446469522568600648
cooperation.393462101094192144198246278324355377429482502
It446562101092153
is454662101092259
essential,463362101094583120168220251274319342363
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for550062101092678110
patients393476101095298129151198251281320
with428276101096790121173
polypharmacy,4483761010952104127172226278323354432478520566583
that509376101093082127158
the527976101093082129
data543676101095297128174
on3934901010950103
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chart422390101094193139170204
is445690101092158
accurate454290101094487128180211257289336
and490690101094496149
up5083901010951104
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date532590101095297128175
to552890101093182
maximize39341041010975120164186262285324371
its432510410109215390
benefits4436104101095199150197225249281318
(72).4775104101092672119144162
The4074118101094596142
findings4239118101092751101152173223274309
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Marquis46721181010972116146197246268303
et4999118101094575
al.509811810109436584
reveal5206118101092974118162206227
that5457118101093080123153
approximately3934132101094395146176226267289364407437481503546
944971321010946
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patients5302132101095195125146191242271308
experience3934146101094589141188218240286336378422
ongoing43821461010950101152202224274326
swallowing47331461010936104148170191242308330380432
difficulties,5190146101095173100130154195245266297318364400420
often3934160101094976109154204
leading4162160101092267111162183234284
to4471160101092978
intentional4574160101092171100145196225246296346390411
non-adherence.50101601010950100150179223274325370400445496537581600
These3934174101094596142178223
issues,418017410109215692141187223242
related444517410109297496140169214266
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medications51451741010975121173194234278308329379430465
rather3934188101092972101150195224
than4174188101092978121170
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number4498188101094998172222268297
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tablets,4900188101093073124145190220256275
underscore5190188101094998148193222258298346376420
a39342021010944
lack4004202101092266107150
of4180202101095078
awareness42842021010944110155185231282329366402
among47122021010944120171223274
healthcare5012202101095198142164195245287332362408
professionals.54462021010952831333934216101092773110146168219271315337373394
The4354216101094597144
study4524216101093768119172216
points47662161010952104126177207245
out50372161010950102133
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importance53502161010922981512032333934230101093074123164208
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an4250230101094393
intervention4359230101092170100144174220264314344365414464
which48392301010966117137178227
systematically5082230101093679115145190265309338359399443464485528
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swallowing43352441010936103148169190241307329379430
difficulties4790244101095173100129153194244266296317363399
in5214244101092272
primary5311244101095282104179223253299
care3934258101094288119166
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enhance4237258101094699151197249292338
medication46032581010977125179201244290321343395448
management50792581010977123175220273321400447500531
and3934272101094393145
patient4097272101095195125146191242271
care4386272101094084114159
(73).4563272101092571117140157
Last4738272101094287123153
but49092721010951102132
not50592721010950100129
least,5206272101092167111146177196
healthcare54202721010950961401613934286101093080121165195240
professionals4199286101095282131158204240275296346397440462497
should4722286101093585135186207258
be5006286101095198
aware51292861010943109153183228
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the5484286101093080126
Hawthorne39343001010960105171205256307338389436
effect.4396300101094674104151193226246
The4668300101094598144
Hawthorne48383001010960105172205256307338390436
effect5301300101094573104150192225
is5552300101092258
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as4247314101094379
a43443141010943
phenomenon44053141010951102148198248324370420470521
where49443141010966116162192237
individuals5199314101092171123144188210261310354376411
modify39343281010976126178200227273
or4233328101095080
improve4339328101092197149179229272317
an4682328101094494
aspect4802328101094480131178220252
of5080328101095077
their5183328101093080126148178
behavior53873281010951981491933934342101094365115145
in4103342101092171
response4198342101093075111162213263299344
to4567342101092978
their4669342101093080126148177
awareness48703421010944109153183228278324360396
of5290342101094976
being5390342101095197119169220
observed39343561010949101137183213259304356
or4314356101094979
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their4700356101093080126147177
behavior4901356101095198148192234256306336
assessed.5261356101094379114160196232277329349
This3934370101094596117152
change4103370101094191134184235281
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often4475370101094976109154204
influenced469637010109217198122171217268308353405
by5118370101095194
the5229370101093080125
individual’s537237010109217112214318720939343841010951100143165185217
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about4433384101094394145195225
the4674384101092979125
researcher’s4815384101092974110155199228268318364393414447
expectations,5278384101094587139185227259303393439810109295098148182200
as4149398101094378
well42423981010965109130150
as4407398101094377
factors4500398101092569108139187216252
such4767398101093583123172
as4954398101094277
conformity5046398101094087136162211240314334363407
and5469398101094291141
social3934412101093686127148192213
desirability4166412101095196132153183227278300321342373418
(74).4603412101092571112136153
Healthcare39344370014781144205236279348402464507570
systems45314370014750112162205267369420
and49784370014761130200
role52064370014742111142205
of39344510014768107
pharmacist40684510014770140201244346408462493543586
Fragmented4074468101094473119172249297349380427481
healthcare4583468101095098143166198250292338369416
systems5027468101093682119152198276313
create5368468101094172119164195242
obstacles39344821010950103141173219261283331368
to4330482101093080
medication44384821010976123177199241287318340392444
adherence4910482101094496148195227274326368414
due53524821010951102149
to5529482101093081
compromised3934496101094090167220251301378401437484537
healthcare4498496101095197142165196247289334365411
coordination4936496101094191142173226248299344374397448499
and5463496101094394147
limiting3934510101092144120143174197248301
patient4262510101095298128151198250280
access4570510101094486127173210247
to4845510101093080
care.4953510101094086117163183
The5164510101094597144
limited5336510101092144121143175221274
availability3934524101094387131154176220273295317339370416
of4377524101094976
health4480524101095096141163194245
information475152410109217299150181258302333355406457
technology52345241010930761181692202712943443934538101095197
restricts4059538101093078116148180203246280319
a44065381010945
physician’s44795381010952105149187210252275321373393428
access4935538101094487129176214251
to5215538101093081
patient5325538101095298130153201253285
information3934552101092174102154186264310341364416469
across4431552101094587119170208245
different4705552101095274103134182214261314345
care5078552101094288119167
settings,5273552101093684116150173225279316337
potentially39345661010951102133178229259281325347369412
compromising4364566101094089165217248297374395431453504555
patient4936566101095196126148194245275
care.5229566101094085115160180
In5426566101092172
an5516566101094393
overburdened3934580101094993139169222273304356402454500553
healthcare4511580101095096141163194245287332362408
system,4943580101093680117149194271291
clinicians525858010109406284135157198220265316352
often3934594101095078112159211
have4173594101095095139185
limited4386594101092244121144175222275
time4689594101093053130177
with4894594101096790122173
each5095594101094691133185
patient,5308594101095197128151198250281302
which39346081010967119141183234
may41966081010976121164
delay4387608101095198122167209
assessments4624608101094481117165202239315363415445484
of5135608101095078
medication-taking5240608101097612317719924128731734039346221010951104135168214259284337390
behaviors.43536221010952101154200245269321353392414
Considering47956221010954105158196218272320352376429482
the5306622101093083131
significant54666221010936591133934636101095175104130174221274306
impact42716361010922101156203247281
of4583636101095180
medication46946361010978126182205249296328351404458
adherence5183636101094599152201234282336379427
on39346501010950103
patient4065650101095298130153200253284
well-being,43776501010967114138161191246295318370423444
healthcare4849650101095198144167199251294340371418
systems5295650101093782120153199278315
need3934664101095198146199
to4161664101093081
adapt4270664101094497142195227
to4524664101093181
prioritize4633664101095283106158189212244266307354
its501566410109215391
importance.5134664101092198151204235270315367410456476
Systemic3934678101094587124156202280302344
changes4306678101094192137189241289326
should4660678101093687139190213266
be49536781010952100
implemented5081678101092198151174221299346398429475529
to3934692101093079
ensure4031692101094596132182212258
that4307692101093080124155
adequate4479692101094496142194245289319364
time4861692101093052127174
is5053692101092157
dedicated5127692101095197150172213258288333386
to5531692101092979
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medication43437061010974120172194234279309330380430
adherence.4791706101094294144190220265316357401420
In5228706101092272
response53177061010929741111622132633934720101093682
to4043720101093080
time4150720101092951127174
constraints,4351720101094090141178209240285307358388426446
there4824720101093081127158204
may50557201010975120162
be5244720101095199
a53697201010944
shift5440720101093586108136170
towards3934734101092978144188218268304
employing42557341010945120171193243285308358408
a46807341010943
team-based4740734101093074118193222275319355400452
healthcare5209734101095095139161191241282326356401
framework.3934748101092658103179225292342373417439
This4391748101094496118154
model45637481010975126179226248
involves4829748101092172115165188233278315
the5162748101093080127
training5307748101093060105127178200251303
of3934762101095180
non-physician40447621010951104158190246299344382405449472518571
personnel46457621010953103135174227281334383407
to5082762101093183
undertake51957621010951104159207240275322367415
tasks3934776101093075111155194
conventionally4154776101094090141184230281312334384436480503525569
performed4749776101095198129159210241317364417
by5192776101095194
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