880
www.klinickafarmakologie.cz340804301076513320121425327329234035839843647950254457164568672477179183988990895196610061045
/26478043010732
Klin272480430107446583131
Farmakol2869804301074279105179220258305325
Farm.3208804301074178105179195
2024;38(3):100-1063417804301074487128168183227270294337358372409449495525563603648
/41108043010731
KLINICKÁ4187804301074589109169189243289347
FARMAKOLOGIE4549804301074292139211266312373415475534555598
A51638043010753
FARMACIE5231804301074291138211266317337381
10556558026012657111168
HLAVNÍ4945207012671127198263336370
TÉMA5337207012657114204274
Importance276536501061569104145181212249290324356
and313736501063879119
safety327136501063171101133167206
of349336501063869
magnesium357736501065293131172204238255296349
supplementation394236501063171106141171204258290332364400428446487529
in448636501061556
pregnancy.455836501063368100140181221262297335347
To492036501063069
supplement500536501063071105140171203258290331363
or538436501063874
not?547436501063980110139
increased343468101092170110139183226261306357
risk71546810109295085126
that856468101093079122151
intravenous102246810109217099128171212256306355404439
administration1476468101094393167188237258292323351395424444493543
can343482101094083133
lead491482101092166109160
to666482101093078
the760482101092978123
development899482101095095138181203252303378423473502
of1416482101094975
foetal1507482101092675120150194215
skeletal1737482101093677121142187217261282
demineralization343496101095197173195245291322366388409448494524545595646
and1015496101094394146
hypocalcaemia1186496101095192145196238282304345390436512533577
which17894961010966117139179230
can343510101094084134
occur493510101094990130179209
after718510101094369102146176
the910510101093079125
fifth105151010109265076109159
day1226510101095094135
of1377510101094976
administration1469510101094394169190240261296326356400429450499550
(38,343524101092671117137
56).505524101094793117134
These665524101094597143179225
limitations916524101092142118140170215245266316367403
are1344524101094474119
not14895241010950101131
related164552410109307698142172217269
to1940524101093079
the343538101093080126
oral488538101094979123144
form652538101092676106181
(56).853538101092570115139156
Recommendations3435630014768131186253355458520590660722764794862932982
whether13525630014790159222265334397440
to3435770014742110
supplement4805770014750118189260292354457520589631
or11385770014768111
not12775770014768137179
Approximately4835941010957108160190240281302378422451496517560
half1067594101095195115142
of1232594101095177
the1332594101093181127
women14825941010969118195241291
in1797594101092172
the1892594101093181127
United3436081010960111132163208262
Kingdom639608101095173125177229280358
and1031608101094596149
the1214608101093182129
United13786081010960111132163208261
States1674608101094675120150196232
of1941608101095178
America3436221010956130175203223263305
between671622101095197126193237282331
191024622101094787
and1133622101094493143
501298622101094791
years1412622101094286128156192
old1626622101095070121
do17696221010951100
not1891622101095099128
meet21384681010977124171202
the2372468101093181128
requirements2532468101093076129180201231277354401452482519
for3083468101092778108
magnesium32234681010978122174225271308329379456
intake37114681010922732138482101093072113155
(61),2315482101092568108125141
and2477482101094392141
during2640482101095098126146194243
pregnancy,2904482101095280123173221263311350394407
a33324821010943
10%3396482101094787158
higher3575482101095069118167211239
supply2138496101093685135186207249
of2410496101095075
magnesium25084961010976119169218263298318366441
is2972496101092155
required3050496101093074125174194223267318
(2).339049610109267093109
Normomagnesaemia3521496101096011013921426321385101010977121172223268304349394471492535
may26975101010977121162
not28835101010951101131
rule3038510101093080101147
out32095101010950101131
magnesium33635101010977121172223269304325374451
deficiency2138524101095194120142180199243291330373
(4).252452410109256789105
Maternal26415241010972115142185213262303323
hypomagnesaemia2977524101094989139188262303352401444478521565638658699
has3689524101095091125
clinical213853810109406079127147185228247
symptoms,2403538101093678152202230277351385402
but28235381010951100128
may29695381010975117157
also314353810109446397145
occur3306538101094989127175203
without3526538101096787115163211259288
clinical213855210109405978126145183225245
symptoms2395552101093577151200228274348381
(56).2788552101092668111133148
Oral2948552101096290132152
form3112552101092673101175
of3299552101094973
magnesium33855521010974116164212256290309356429
is2138566101092155
safer2216566101093679104149177
than2416566101093079121170
parenteral2608566101095295124168217245289318361381
administration,3011566101094494168188237257291321349392420440489538556
which35895661010967117137176225
has2138580101094990123
limitations2273580101092139112130158200227245292340373
and2658580101094290138
belongs2808580101095094114161209257289
in3109580101092168
the3189580101092977120
hands3320580101095090138186219
of3551580101094973
healthcare36355801010950931341532138594101093077115157184227
specialists2377594101093584128167185226246264297326360
(56).2749594101092567111132147
In2908594101092169
non-pregnant2989594101095097145172222250292341389430478505
patients,3506594101095092119138181229256291308
hypomagnesaemia2138608101095191143193268311361410455490534579654674717
can2877608101094185134
manifest30336081010977119169189214259294324
with3379608101096888117166
the3568608101093080124
highest37156081010951712138622101095098142176205
frequency235662210109265598148196239288327370
at2739622101094371
the2822622101093078122
cardiovascular2956622101094183110159179227268310343382430450491519
level,3488622101092165106149169186
but36866221010951100128
symptoms393462101093678152201230277351384
can433162101094183131
also44756210109446397145
be463362101095196
observed4741621010950100134178206251293343
in509762101092170
the517962101093078122
nervous531462101095094122167214262296
and393476101094391140
muscular4086761010975122155194242261302330
systems442876101093577110139182255288
(5);47287610109266890105
we4845761010966109
suppose496676101093582131181229263307
this52857610109297796129
to542676101093077
be551576101095195
similar393490101093655128148167209237
in419190101092169
the428190101093078122
case442390101094083116160
of460490101094974
pregnant469890101095180123173221263311339
patients.505790101095194122141185233261296314
In539190101092270
obstetrics5482901010949993934104101093564106134162181219254
and4200104101094390139
gynaecology,4351104101095091139181224263309329376425466479
magnesium48421041010974116164212255289307354427
is5281104101092154
used5347104101094982125175
as5534104101094376
a39341181010943
vasodilator3990118101094385119167217236255297325372400
and4402118101094391141
muscle45551181010975123156195215258
relaxant,482611810109297292134175217265293310
and5148118101094492141
its530211810109214984
effect539811810109457098142181211
on3934132101094997
the4043132101093078121
cardiovascular4176132101094082109158177225265307340379426445487514
system4702132101093677111139182255
is4969132101092154
used5035132101094983126176
to5223132101092976
regulate5311132101092972121169188229257299
blood3934146101095171119167216
pressure4163146101095078121155189236263306
and4481146101094391140
in4633146101092169
addition4714146101094393142161189208255304
also503014610109436295143
to5185146101093077
lower5274146101092169132175203
the5489146101092977121
levels3934160101092163103145164196
of4142160101094872
prostaglandins4225160101095178124157185226273292333379428446493525
(62).4762160101092566108129143
However,49171601010957104167209249290317330
a52581601010942
study5312160101093563109157197
by5521160101095089
Makrides39341741010972115155185204254298332
et4283174101094574
al.437417410109436380
(2014),4472174101092568112153193215230
explains4719174101094687137157199218266300
that5036174101093078120148
there5201174101093078122150193
is5412174101092154
not5483174101095099127
enough3934188101094595144192242291
high‐quality4247188101095170120169197249298340360379408452
evidence4721188101094688108158203252291335
for5078188101092675104
confirmation52041881010941881371621852132883303583783934202101095099
that4056202101093079121150
dietary4228202101095171115145188216261
magnesium45112021010976118168217262297316365439
supplementation4972202101093685135186207251326371420448491520539588638
during3934216101095199126146194244
pregnancy4195216101095179123172221263311350393
is4606216101092154
beneficial4677216101095296145189214236275294336356
(63).5050216101092668112133148
To5216216101094487
sum5320216101093684157
up,54942161010950100116
maternal39342301010975117145189217266308328
hypomagnesaemia4284230101095090140190264306355404448482525569644663705
can5011230101094083132
increase5165230101092169109136180222256300
the5487230101093079123
risk393424410109294982123
for4069244101092674102
pregnancy4183244101095280123172221262310349392
complications4588244101094087160210230249287330357377424473506
and,5107244101094391140157
in5277244101092169
certain5358244101094183111142184203252
cases,3934258101094083116160195212
lead4162258101092165107157
to4335258101093077
foetal4428258101092674119147190209
hypomagnesaemia,4654258101094989140188262304353402446480522566640659701719
which53892581010966115134173221
can3934272101094184134
have4090272101095194135179
a42912721010944
far-reaching435827210109277099123153197240280329349398448
impact4829272101092196147190230261
on51122721010951100
the5235272101093079124
future5382272101092777106155183228
health3934286101095094136155184232
of4181286101095074
the4271286101093078122
offspring.4408286101095074102138187215235283332350
Conclusion39343110014771137206261292361411442510580
Magnesium40743281010971114164213257292312360434
has4523328101094991126
a46643281010942
crucial4721328101094069118157178220240
role497632810109297799143
in5134328101092170
normal5219328101094997126200243264
cellular5498328101093982393434210109214292113157186
and4136342101094494145
organ4297342101095080130174224
functioning4537342101092677127167200221270321342392443
and4996342101094393144
in5157342101092171
the5244342101093080125
metabolic5385342101097512115219639343561010951100122142182
and4132356101094292142
biochemical4289356101095172121162211256330351391434455
pathways4759356101095194123172237280321356
of5130356101094975
the5220356101093079124
cells5359356101094084105126160
of5535356101094874
maternal39343701010975119148193223274317339
and4291370101094494145
foetal4455370101092676122153197219
organisms.4692370101095080130174224245280355391410
During51213701010960111140162212263
pregnancy,54033701010951811261783934384101095094144184229244
there4196384101092979125155200
is4414384101092156
an4487384101094494
increased4598384101092171112142187231266312364
need4979384101095096142194
for5190384101092777107
magnesium.531438410109751191702202663934398101093656106180200
The4150398101094495141
maternal43073981010974118147192221272315336
serum4659398101093681111161236
magnesium49113981010974118168218264300320370444
values5371398101094487109158203239
during39344121010951100130152202253
trimesters421141210109306081156202238269314344380
may46164121010975119160
fluctuate4801412101092650100141173222266296340
slightly,516641210109365778129179208230273287
but54784121010951102132
more39344261010975125155200
significantly4156426101093657108158179206230270314364394415458
so4636426101093686
when47444261010966117163213
approaching4979426101094495147177226270311361382432483
the5484426101093080126
third3934440101093080101130181
trimester.413144010109306081156202238269314344359
Maternal45064401010972116146190220271315336
hypermagnesaemia4858440101095091144190220295339390440486522566612687708752
during39344541010952104135158211264
pregnancy4227454101095384132185238283336379426
is4682454101092259
a47704541010944
rather4844454101093076107160207239
rare5112454101093177108155
medical52964541010978126180202245291314
condition,3934468101094089140192213243264314365384
and4344468101094394145
maternal45154681010975119149193224274318340
hypomagnesaemia4880468101095092144195271315366416462498543589665686730
can3934482101094084134
be4084482101095298
caused4198482101094084134169215266
by4481482101095193
pregnancy-related4590482101095181126177228271321362407435466511533576605650702
or5308482101094979
pregnancy-unrelated54034821010952821271783934496101095195146187233262314365395441463507538583636
factors.4596496101092671113145195226263283
Lowered4905496101094393160206236282335
maternal52664961010976120150196226278322344
magnesium39345101010975119170220266302323372448
levels4407510101092167110155177212
or4645510101094979
magnesium47505101010975118169220265301322372447
restriction5223510101092974110141171192233265286336387
can3934524101094187139
lead4100524101092269115168
to4295524101093181
foetal4403524101092779127159205227
complications;4657524101094292170224247269311357388410462514551570
however,52545241010951103171218263309340356
there3934538101093080126155201
is4156538101092156
still423353810109366788109130
limited4384538101092243118139169214266
data.4671538101095195124168188
If4880538101092249
required,4950538101092974126176197227272324343
magnesium531453810109751191702202653934552101093657107183
supplementation4143552101093685137190212258334381432461506536557608659
seems4827552101093683129206241
to5094552101093079
be5199552101095299
safe5323552101093681108154
for5503552101092676107
maternal39345661010974117146190220270313334
and4283566101094392143
foetal4441566101092676121151195215
health4672566101094995137158188237
with4925566101096586116165
appropriately5106566101094393144174223274303324367396440461504
adjusted3934580101094395116166202232277329
doses42885801010951101136182218
in4531580101092171
the4627580101093080126
form4778580101092676106182
of4985580101094976
oral5086580101094979123145
administration.52565801010943941701912412622973283934594101092973103124174224244
Parenteral4194594101094890120165215245289319363385
magnesium45955941010975118169219265301322371446
administration5058594101094394169191241262297328357401431452501552
belongs3934608101095197119168218269304
in4254608101092070
the4340608101093079124
hands4480608101095093143194229
of4725608101094975
healthcare4816608101094995138159189238279323352397
specialists5229608101093586132173194237258279313344380
and3934622101094393145
requires4098622101092974126176197227272308
careful4425622101094084114159186237258
monitoring.47026221010975126176197227276306328378429448
REFERENCES3446460012357112167220281336407470524579
1.34366200853648
Dalton4046621083457893115152191
LM,60866210833187100
Ní72266210834459
Fhloinn7956621083326985123138176214
DM,1022662108346101114
Gaydadzhieva114966210834477108146178217247285300335367400
GT156266210834478
et165466210833456
al.17236621083324760
Magnesium1796662108355871261641993436721083264178136
in49567210831452
pregnancy.5626721083396195134172205243275308318
Nutr89667210834482105126
Rev.103767210833671103113
2016;74(9):549-557.116567210833468100131144177207226259277289324359392416450482516522
2.34368200853651
Fanni4076821083326299137152
D,57268210834556
Gerosa64168210834378100137163196
C,85068210834053
Nurchi91568210834583104134172187
VM111568210833590
et121868210833456
al.12876821083324760
The136068210833271106
Role14796821083357389123
of161568210833757
Magnesium168468210835587126164198225240277335
in34369210831553
Pregnancy4166921083355589129167199237269303
and73969210833270109
in86869210831452
Fetal9406921083336789122137
Programming10976921083355693133154187245303318356395
of151269210833756
Adult158869210834180117132155
Diseases.17636921083456187122154180215242256
Biol3437021083355189105
Trace4637021083325083115148
Elem6277021083324882140
Res.7837021083357097110
2021;199(10):3647-3657.90970210833468101132140171201236255287318337349384418455487505538572606639646
3.34371200853752
Morton41771210835695118143182221
A.66071210834257
Hypomagnesaemia73971210834578119159219253293332369396431467527542576
and133671210833372112
pregnancy.14707121083396297138177211250283318328
Obstet182071210834889117141176199
Med.34372210835490129142
2018;11(2):67-72.50172210833468100131143173201216250267279315348366398432444
4.34373200853651
Jouanne40673210832462100131169207241
M,66073210835467
Oddoux74073210834685124162199230
S,98373210833245
Noël104073210834582118133
A1186732108340
et123973210833456
al.13077321083324759
Nutrient137973210834482104125140175212234
Requirements162573210833570109146161182215273307345366394
during3437421083387697112150189
Pregnancy5487421083355590129167199237270303
and86674210833270109
Lactation.9917421083316497121153175191228267280
Nutrients.128674210834583105127143177215237265278
2021;13(2):692.157974210833569102133141171201219253271283319353386398
5.34375200853651
Jahnen-Dechent4147521083245795134169208231278314347385421459481
W,91675210835868
Ketteler10057521083356992117151167202223
M.124975210835569
Magnesium133975210835588127166201228244281340
basics.17007521083397299114146174188
Clin19097521083405671109
Kidney3437621083355190128163195
J.55376210832437
2012;5(Suppl60576210833468100130142177195227264303343359
1):i3-i14.979762108334496176110131147179211223
6.34377200853550
Hidiroglou4057721083435895110130166204219256293
M,70977210835467
Knipfel7877721083357387125143177191
JE.9907721083245669
Maternal-Fetal107077210835485106139159196228242264297330351383397
Relationships14797721083356983115135150187224249286300338364
of185577210833655
Copper,192177210834075213866210833978114135145
Manganese,229666210835487125164196234269296331343
and265266210833270109
Sulfur27746621083327085104143164
in295166210831552
Ruminants.301666210833674131146184217255276304318
A3347662108340
Review.340166210833570102118153204215
J3629662108324
Dairy36666621083457792113148
Sci.2138672108332658093
1981;64(8):1637-1647.224667210833465100131140175212231265283295325356390422440471502539571577
7.213868200853645
Djanas22046821083456193131163190
D,241568210834556
Farnas24916821083336283122154181
H,269268210834558
Sriyanti27706821083325369101134172194209
R,299968210833650
et306968210833457
al.31466821083324760
Differences3227682108345618099134155189228260294320
Post35686821083357299122
Delivery3710682108346812138692108315306398119154
of231369210833757
Term23916921083326485144
Pregnancy25566921083365691131170202241273307
Mean288469210835590123161
Maternal306669210835588110144166205238253
Serum33406921083336890128187
Magnesium354869210835588127166201228243213870210833795
Level22517021083316598132147
with24167021083516689127
Low256170210833168119
Versus26987021083366890117154180
Normal289670210834583105163196211
Birth3125702108335507196134
Weight.327770210835790106144182204217
BSM.351270210833568122136
2022;366670210833468101135148
6(5):1708-1714.21387121083345387105117147176209245267298328360391404
8.213872200853652
Razzaque22107221083356898129162201239274
MS.250472210835487100
Magnesium:262472210835487126164199226241278336348
Are29927221083416296
We310872210835790
Consuming321872210834077115141179236252289328
Enough?356672210833370109147186224248
Nutrients.213873210834582105126142177215236264278
2018;243173210833468100131143
10(12):1863.25907321083346585116146164176206237272306319
9.213874200853649
Zarean22087421083387192126158196
E.242474210833246
Tarjan2490742108332608197129167
A.267774210834156
Effect27537421083325170105137161
of293474210833857
Magnesium301174210835487126164199226241278336
Supplement336774210833270109148164199257292330352
on373974210833775
Pregnancy21387521083355690129167200238270303
Outcomes:245675210834785108139176234269296308
A2779752108341
Randomized283575210833568106145183241256285320359
Control320975210834077115137158195211
Trial.3435752108332506597113126
Adv357575210834179112
Biomed37027521083355088213876210835792132
Res.22857621083367197111
2017;6:109.241176210833569100130140175188218249284295
10.21387720085367186
Adams224677210834180113172199
JB,24667721083256174
Sorenson25617721083337294129168195233273
JC,28557721083246679
Pollard29557721083367389105138159198
EL,31747721083336579
et327477210833457
al.33527721083324861
Evidence-Based34347721083336682121157196229263286324358393466210832764105
Recommendations406266210833673107146206267303343384418441457497537565
for46506621083195881
an475466210833373
Optimal485066210834890113129189223240
Prenatal51136621083365894133167190225241
Supplement537766210833473114155172208393467210835793131152
for41076721083185677
Women420567210835794152187225
in445167210831552
the45246721083226095
U.S.,46396721083445690103116
Part47756721083356788113
Two:490867210833380118130
Minerals.505967210835470108143164197212238252
Nutrients.533267210834482105126142177215236264278
2021;13(6):1849.393468210833468101133141171201219252270282312343379412423
11.39346920085366678
Al403169210834156
Alawi41066921083415688139155
AM,427969210834196110
Majoni440769210835487102140179194
SW,461969210833291100
Falhammar47376921083336278115148205263296317
H.507269210834457
Magnesium514869210835487126164199225240278336
and550269210833169109
Human393470210834584143176215
Health:417070210834581114130153192205
Perspectives43967021083367092120160197230255271304340367
and478470210833372112
Research491770210833672100136168190222261
Directions.51997021083466384119153178194233272299313
Int55347021083155476
J3934712108324
Endocrinol.397371210833371110148181202218256294310323
2018;431171210833468100131143
2018:9041694.447071210833468100131143178214250280312345381394
12.39347220085366783
Magnesium402972210835486125162197223238275332
[online].43747221083185492107121159193210222
Boston:460872210833674100123159197209
Harvard48307221083437596130163184221
T.H.50647221083324186100
Chan,517672210834077109147159
School534872210833264101139177193
of555372210833756
Public393473210833571109125139170
Health.411673210834478109124146183196
[cited4324732108318486284117156
202344927321083336799133
July46377321083246176107
5]475673210833352
Available482173210834070102116131163201216250
from:50837321083194077134145
https://www.52417321083375881120146158184204254306358369
hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/magnesium/.39347421083386410314115519322624728231433637438742246149952556159962264365968169673477379983787589792896198710441076111511531188121512301267132513511357
13.39347520085366884
Lewis403275210833166117133160
III42067521083153046
JL.Hypomagnesemia42667521083245771117149190229287320360398433461496554570602
(Low48837521083185088139
Level50367521083316699133149
of520075210833756
Magnesium527075210835588127165201228244281340
in393476210831553
the40057621083226196
Blood).41197621083365291130171191203
In:43407621083145366
msdmanuals.com.442476210835784124183216254293326342368383415453512526
[online].49687621083185594110126165200218231
2023521776210833469102138
Sept537376210833268108131
[cited5522762108318496539347721083225696
2023404677210833468102138
July41997721083246278111
5].Available43257721083345567111143176192208241281297333
from:46737721083184179138151
https://www.msdmanuals.48397721083386085125153166193215266320374386445472512571604642681714730756771
Tab.34361701124993148172
4.53461701125075
Increased65662201071966104130168214245284330
risk10036220107264575111
for11316220107236996
foetal124362201072369109136180199
complications145962201073882154200220239277322349368414462492
caused196862201073782129159198244
by222962201074582
lowered232862201071864128166193230277
maternal2622622010771117144181208255301320
magnesium2959622010772118164211250282300346418
levels33946220107195897135154185
or359562201074572
due368462201074592131
to34373201072671
magnesium432732010771117164211250282300346418
restrictions8687320107266496123149168206235254300347378
Anatomical3748700985197139167213281302339381402
foetal7938700982571114143185206
body10168700984793141182
systems12148700983475109138180249283
Increased18588700982168105134176217251294341
risk2216870098285084125
for23588700982571101
foetal24758700982672114143185207
complications26988700983681150198219240277319347368414461495
by32098700984787
magnesium331387009867109156202244278299345414
deficiency18589700984689116138175196238285322364
exocrine37410900984182127164193215261303
or69410900984574
integumentary7851090098206795137184230299341388416458487530
systems133210900983374108138179248282
insufficient18581093095176089132153178196232249288331356
data223110930954480105142
skeletal37412100983375116138180209251272
system66312100983375109138179248
insufficient18581213095176089132153178196232249288331356
data223112130954480105142
muscular374133009868114148185231252294323
system71413300983374108138179248
insufficient18581333095176089132153178196232249288331356
data223113330954480105142
nervous37414500984688117161206252286
system67714500983375109138179248
anxiety185814530953679115132171197235
in211014530951760
the218714530952568108
offspring23131453095426488120164188206248293
in262314530951760
adulthood22700145309537811231411662092522963413041145705623
decrease185815530954483120144183219248288
in216415530951659
foetal224115530952163104129166183
neuroprotection2,244215530954382125149191236260302327365402429446489533297515570562331
51301615570562344
worsened1858165309558101125156195238278323
cognitive219816530953678123166183208225262301
outcomes22516165309543861111461882542943242840165705623
respiratory37417700982871105152174203244273318347390
system78117700983375109138179248
insufficient18581773095176089132153178196232249288331356
data223117730954480105142
gastrointestinal37418900984687121151179225247293322363397427448494535557
and94718900984187135
excretory109818900984182118147189218264293336
systems145118900983375108138179248282
insufficient18581893095176089132153178196232249288331356
data223118930954480105142
endocrine37420100984188135181219248269315358
system74820100983475109138180249
IUGR2/foetal185820130951767117158201820170562320422013095285092133158195212
growth227220130954367109167195238
restriction5025282013095236292118142160196223240283327285520170562346
problems185821130954468111156173213279308
in218421130951760
foetal226121130952164104129166183
development22462211309543831191581762192643303704134372900211705623
increase18582213095176096120158194224264
in214022130951659
body221722130954488133169
fat2240322130952159842488221705623
induced185823130951760104146183221266
insulin21412313095176090132149166208
resistance23672313095246292109138165202245281319
and270423130953679123
impaired284523130951782127164181205243288
glucose315023130954461104140182212252
tolerance2341923130952567841241481852282653033722231705623
small185824130953095132149166
for20412413095216488
gestational214724130954383113139177201218261305341358
age2/foetal252324130953681120264324170562326672413095285092133158195212
growth289724130954367109167195238
retardation9315324130952362871241481912282522693123563508241705623
lower185825130951760118157181
birth20572513095446185113156
weight92230251309558971141582012252457251705623
circulatory3742630098365786123169190232260306335378
and76926300984087134
cardiovascular92026300983577106154175221261303337374420441483512
systems144826300983475109138180249283
foetal185826330952164104129166183
anaemia52205926330953679116155221238274233326370562345
immune37427500982089158204250292
and68327500984187134
lymphatic83427500982061131178225266295316352
systems120327500983375109138180248282
insufficient18582753095176089132153178196232249288331356
data223127530954480105142
renal37428700982871117159180
and57128700984087134
urinary7222870098457496142183212255
systems99428700983375109138179248282
insufficient18582873095176089132153178196232249288331356
data223128730954480105142
reproductive37429900982871118148194242288325355376417458
system84929900983375109138180248
insufficient18582993095176089132153178196232249288331356
data223129930954480105142
other37431100984574120163192
foetal58331100982571114143185206
complications80631100983681150197219240277318347368414460494
foetal185831130952164104129166183
programming205931130954468110155179216282348365408452
theory252831130952568108152176215
of276031130954365
diseases28423113095446190130166196235266
later31253113095175378116140
in328331130951659
life233603113095173355943454311705623
increased18583213095176096120158194224264309
risk21843213095244271105
for23063213095216488
metabolic2412321309565105130167212256273290326
syndrome275632130953066110155179221287327
later31003213095175478116140
in325832130951659
life233353213095173355943429321705623
premature185833130954468107173209234277301339
birth1,22153313095446185113156236633170562329
2,240533170562331
9,244733170562230
49,24873317056224552
53254933170562345
epigenetic185834130953983101145184227267292309345
dysregulation22221341309543801101341722172602773133383553984412662341705623
foetal185835130952164104129166183
malformation522059351309565102119141183208274311335352395439249835170562345
placental18583613095446298135173216240277295
dysfunction92170361309544801101331772202562833003433872556361705623
worsened1858371309558101125156195238278323
placental21983713095456299135173216241278295
development50251137130954383119158175219263330369413437294937170562346
worsened1858381309558101125156195238278323
foetal219838130952164104129166184
growth50239938130954468110168196239263838170562346
foetal185839130952164104129166183
loss5020593913095176090120217939170562346
increased18584013095176096120158194224264309
ROS218440130954195132
production233440130954468110155198234261278321365
between271740130954484109169208249292
maternal-foetal3026401309566102127165189233269286311333376416442479496
units54353940130954386103128159369940170562346
indirect185841130951760104121145183220247
decrease212341130954383120144182218248288
in242941130951659
antioxidant250641130953679103120163198215259296339363
defence54288641130954483105144187223262314841170562346
Note:37442330954989113146160
Insufficient5484233095175885125145168185219235269311334
data:89642330954081104143156
more1067423309563104127160
detailed12414233095417599138154171205246
information15014233095175878118141205245269285326367
that188342330952364105128
could202542330953472114130171
provide221042330954064103137153194228
a2453423309540
closer25074233095345090117151174
explanation269642330953468109125166207248271287328370
is308042330951743
not313742330954282105
available.325742330954074114130147187228245279293
IUGR37443330951764112150
(intrauterine5384333095213879102125163204227260283299341375
growth92743330954164103159184225
restriction)11674333095235684107130147181205222262304323
and150443330954182123
SGA164143330953582125
(small178143330952147109150166183
for19784333095216184
gestational207643330954175103127165189205246287328344
age)243543330954081115135
pathologies258543330954081104145186203243284301335363
may2962433309564104138
overlap311443330954074107130147187228
with33564333095567295137
those350743330952365105132166
of368743330954061
other37444330954063105139162
conditions55044330953472114155171195211251293320
that88444330952465105128
can102744330953373114
be115644330954075
influenced1245443309516587896137171213246279320
by157944330954073
nutrition.11666443309541821051281451681842252672811943443705622