Klin Farmakol Farm. 2026;40(2):129-133 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2026.007

The role of glucocorticoids in endocrinology

Pavel Cee, Jan Drugda, Filip Gabalec

IV. interní klinika Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové a Lékařská fakulta Hradec Králové Univerzity Karlovy v Praze

Glucocorticoids represent a fundamental group of hormones that play a key role in the regulation of metabolism, immune response, and adaptation to stress. Their widespread use in medicine is based on potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects; however, long-term therapy is associated with the risk of serious adverse effects. This article focuses on hypercortisolism, both in the form of endogenous Cushing's syndrome and the more frequent exogenous form related to long-term glucocorticoid administration. Clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, and current therapeutic options including surgical, pharmacological, and radiotherapeutic approaches are discussed. Another major area addressed is adrenal insufficiency, with emphasis on etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy. Special attention is given to glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency, which is currently the most common form of this disorder, and to glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome. Principles of safe dose tapering and prevention of adrenal crisis are outlined. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of glucocorticoids in endocrinology, with an emphasis on clinical context, current recommendations, and practical aspects of treatment that are crucial for everyday medical practice.

Keywords: glucocorticoids, Cushing's syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, adrenal crisis, glucocorticoid withdrawal.

Received: October 22, 2025; Revised: January 8, 2026; Accepted: February 18, 2026; Published: July 1, 2026  Show citation