Klin Farmakol Farm. 2004;18(3):153-159

Současná terapie primárních lymfomů gastrointestinálního traktu

Miroslav Tomíška, Ingrid Vášová
Interní hematoonkologická klinika LF MU a FN Brno

Keywords: non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma, gastrointestinal tract, MALT lymphoma, Helicobacter pylori, therapy.

Published: December 31, 2004  Show citation

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Tomíška M, Vášová I. Současná terapie primárních lymfomů gastrointestinálního traktu. Klin Farmakol Farm. 2004;18(3):153-159.

Primární lymfomy zažívacího traktu tvoří zvláštní skupinu extranodálních lymfomů různých histologických typů, jejichž zvlášní biologické chování umožňuje v mnoha případech odlišný způsob léčby proti lymfomům nodálním. Fascinující je zejména účinek antibiotické léčby infekce Helicobacter pylori, který může u lokalizovaného stadia primárního lymfomu žaludku typu MALT vést k úplné regresi onemocnění bez jakékoliv protinádorové terapie. Neobvykle dobrých výsledků dosahují lokoregionální léčebné postupy. Radikální chirurgický výkon jako jediná terapie může vést k dlouholetým remisím nádorové choroby, pokud je onemocnění lokalizováno a neproniká stěnou zažívacího traktu hlouběji než do submukózy. V současné době však tato léčba ustupuje konzervativním postupům zachovávajícím žaludek. Výborných výsledků dosahuje moderní radioterapie, zejména u primárních gastrointestinálních lymfomů nízké malignity. Chemoterapie je účinná především u lymfomů vysoké malignity. V některých případech je možno u téhož typu onemocnění volit z několika různých léčebných postupů, které literárně poskytují srovnatelné dobré výsledky léčby. U onemocnění se zvláště nepříznivou prognózou se může uplatnit multimodální léčba, někdy i s vysokodávkovou chemoterapií a transplantací krvetvorných buněk.

CURRENT THERAPY OF PRIMARY GASTROINTESTINAL LYMPHOMAS

Primary lymphomas of gastrointestinal tract form a special group of extranodal lymphomas of various histological types, biology of which offers to treat many cases by different ways as compared to nodal lymphomas. What is especially fascinating is the effect of antibiotic therapy in Helicobacter pylori infection that may lead to complete regression of localized primary gastric lymphoma of MALT type without any antitumor therapy. Locoregional therapeutic procedures may be unusually successful in primary gastrointestinal tract lymphomas. Radical resection as the only therapy may lead to long-lasting remissions as long as the tumor is localized and not penetrating beyond submucosa. Recently surgery is being replaced by stomach conserving non-surgical treatment. Modern radiotherapy brings great success in many cases of primary gastrointestinal tract lymphoma, especially of low grade histology. Chemotherapy is the most effective procedure in high grade lymphomas. Some cases can be treated successfully by different therapies including their combinations and we are unable to say today which of them should be prefered. In disease with highly unfavourable prognosis, combined modality therapy is prefered, sometimes using high dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation.

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