Klin Farmakol Farm. 2004;18(4):198-202

Antidepresiva a membránové lipidy

Zdeněk Fišar
Psychiatrická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN Praha

Keywords: Antidepressants, membranes, liposomes, signal transduction.

Published: December 31, 2004  Show citation

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Fišar Z. Antidepresiva a membránové lipidy. Klin Farmakol Farm. 2004;18(4):198-202.

Předpokládá se, že afektivní poruchy jsou způsobeny poruchou v přenosu signálu přes chemickou synapsi a antidepresiva uskutečňují své terapeutické účinky specifickým ovlivněním funkce membránových a nitrobuněčných proteinů zapojených do tohoto přenosu. Membránové lipidy netvoří pouze strukturní základ buněčných membrán, ale ovlivňují aktivitu řady proteinů přes změnu jejich pohyblivosti nebo přes specifické interakce lipid-protein. Vzhledem k chemickým vlastnostem antidepresiv dochází k jejich akumulaci v lipidové části buněčné membrány; dosud nejsou známy všechny důsledky tohoto jevu pro účinnost nebo pro vedlejší účinky farmakoterapie. Interakce antidepresivum-lipidová dvojvrstva jsou studovány pomocí modelových membrán (lipozomů), izolovaných plazmatických membrán nebo intaktních buněk. Dosavadní výsledky podporují hypotézu o úloze membránových lipidů ve vzniku a léčbě afektivních poruch. Lze předpokládat, že farmakologický nebo nutriční zásah do metabolizmu lipidů může zlepšit jak depresivní symptomy, tak účinnost antidepresiv.

ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND MEMBRANE LIPIDS

It is postulated that affective disorders are evoked by a disturbance of signal transduction through the chemical synapse, and that antidepressants realize their therapeutic effects by specific influence of membrane and intracellular proteins involved in the signal transduction. Membrane lipids not only form the structural basis of the cell membrane, but also influence the activity of a wide range of proteins via changes of their mobility or specific lipid-protein interactions. Due to their chemical properties, antidepressants accumulate in the lipid part of the cell membrane; implications of this fact for the efficacy or side effects of pharmacotherapy are not known. Antidepressant-lipid bilayer interactions can be studied using model membranes (liposomes), isolated plasma membranes or intact cells. The hypothesis about the role of membrane lipids in aetiology and treatment of affective disorders was supported by accumulated results. It may be assumed that pharmacologically-nutritionally induced changes in lipid metabolism can improve both depressive symptoms and antidepressant efficacy.

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