Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):100-102

Pharmacology of substances abused by inhaling

Mgr. Alena Trojáčková1, prof. MUDr. Peter Višňovský CSc2
1 Úřad vlády České republiky, Národní monitorovací středisko pro drogy a drogové závislosti, Praha
2 Farmaceutická fakulta UK Hradec Králové, Katedra farmakologie a toxikologie

Substances may be inhaled in the form of gases, aerosols, or dust particles. Absorption from the lungs and the onset of effect after inhalation are very rapid. The substances most widely abused by inhalation include solvents, substances of carbohydrate nature often made from oil and natural gas. The motivation to abuse volatile substances is determined by euphorising, hallucinogenic, and anaesthetic effects. With lower doses, acute intoxication resembles behaviour in mild alcohol intoxication while with an increasing toxic effect irregularities in the heart rhythm occur with a potential risk of sudden sniffing death syndrome. Regular abuse of solvents results in irreversible CNS damage, sometimes even damage of the peripheral nerves, as well as in severe liver or kidney damage. In chronic abusers, solvent abuse produces psychic dependence. In addition, activation of the brain dopaminergic system may be shown. Sudden substance withdrawal results in a state of axiety, somatic manifestations mainly include nausea and tremor.

Keywords: addictive substances, solvents, inhalation, intoxication

Published: September 1, 2006  Show citation

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Trojáčková A, Višňovský P. Pharmacology of substances abused by inhaling. Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):100-102.
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