Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):79-83

Therapeutic drug monitoring by means of electrophoresis methods

Lucie Pavlíková2,1, Hana Brozmanová2, František Kvasnička3, Milan Grundmann2
1 Farmakologický ústav LF UP, Olomouc
2 Ústav klinické farmakologie FNsP a ZSF Ostravské univerzity, Ostrava
3 Ústav konzervace potravin a technologie masa, Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická, Praha

The review of the electrophoresis methods for the terapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is presented. In clinical analysis, usually the drugs must be analyzed in a complex matrix. For this reason, attention will be paid to sample pretreament procedures used for TDM since it is a critical step in the analysis of biological samples. The method used for the preparation of sample solid-phase extraction or liquid-liquid extraction. For some determinations direct sample injection can be used, which is one of advantages of electrophoresis methods compared with some others separative analytical methods (chromatographic). This overview describes the principle of the capillary electrophoresis and their particular modes. The determinations of some drugs in the biological materials are presented.

Keywords: TDM, capillary electrophoresis, capillary zone electrophoresis, non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, elektrokinetic capillary chromatography, isotachophoresis

Published: October 1, 2007  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Pavlíková L, Brozmanová H, Kvasnička F, Grundmann M. Therapeutic drug monitoring by means of electrophoresis methods. Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):79-83.
Download citation

References

  1. Grundmann M. Zpravodaj klinické farmakologie a farmacie 1998; 13: 39 - 40.
  2. Doležalová V. Laboratorní technika v klinické biochemii a toxikologii. Institut pro další vzdělávání pracovníků ve zdravotnictví v Brně. 1995: 115-126, 180-183, 236-237.
  3. Klouda P. Moderní analytické metody. 2003: 33-39.
  4. PrinCE Technologies. The Analysis of drugs in CE. 1997: 1.
  5. Smyth WF. Recent applications of capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry in drug analysis. Review. Electrophoresis 2005; 26: 1334-1357. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Vassort A, Barrett DA, Shaw PN, et al. A generic approach to the impurity profiling of drugs using standardised and independent capillary zone electrophoresis methods coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2005; 26: 1712-1723. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Huck ChW, Stecher G, Scherz H, Bonn G. Analysis of drugs, natural and bioactive compounds containing phenolic groups by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2005; 26: 1319-1333. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  8. Pucci V, Mandrioli, Raggi MA. Determination of valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid) in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. Electrophoresis 2003; 24: 2076-2083. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  9. Hartinger ChG, Schluga P, Galanski M, et al. Tumor- inhibiting platinum(II) complexes with aminoalcohol ligands: Comparison of the mode of action by capillary electrophoresis and electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2003; 24: 2038-2044. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Vanhoenacker G, de l´Escaille F, Keukeleire DD, Sandra P.: Analysis of Benzodiazepines in Dynamically Coated Capillaries by CE-DAD, CE-MS and CE-MS2. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 34: 595-606. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Li J, Zhao F, Ju H. Simultaneous determination of psychotropic drugs in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 575: 57-61. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. Belin GK, Krähenbühl S, Hauser PC. Direct determination of valproic acid in biological fluids by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006; 25: [Epub ahead of print].
  13. Loyd DK. Capillary electrophoretic analyses of drugs in body fluids: sample pretreatment and methods for direct injection of biofluids. J Chromatogr A 1996; 735: 29-42. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Shihabi ZK. Sample matrix effects in capillary electrophoresis : II. Acetonitrile deproteinization. J Chromatogr A 1993; 652: 471. Go to original source...
  15. Tomita M, Okuyama T. Application of capillary electrophoresis to the simultaneous screening and quantitation of benzodiazepines. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1996; 678: 331-337. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Theurillat R, Kuhn M, Thormann W. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine using capillary electrophoresis. Evaluation of assay performance and quality assurance over a 4-year period in the routine area. J Chromatogr A 2002; 979: 353-368. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Zinellu A, Carru C, Sotgia S, et al. Separation of aceclofenac and diclofenac in human plasma by free zone capillary electrophoresis using N-methyl-D-glucamine as an effective electrolyte additive. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 24: 375-380. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  18. Siren H, Kuldvee R, Karla T, Ekstrom T, Riekkola ML. Capillary zone electrophoresis of cationic and anionic drugs in methanol. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1068: 89-97. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Lai EPC, Feng SY. Solid phase extraction-Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis for determination of metformin, phenformin and glyburide in human plasma. J Chromatography B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 843: 94-99. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Pacáková V, Coufal P, Štulík K, Gaš B. The importance of capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography, and ion chromatography in separations of inorganic ions. Electrophoresis 2003; 24: 1883-1891. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Bj?rnsdottir I, HonoréHansen S. Comparison of separation selectivity in aqueous and nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1995; 711: 311-322. Go to original source...
  22. Leung GNW, Tang HPO, Tso TSC, Wan TSM. Separation of basic drugs with non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1996; 738: 141-154. Go to original source...
  23. Thormann W, Meier P, Marcolli C, Binder F. Analysis of barbiturates in human serum and urine by high-performance capillary electrophoresis-micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with on-column multi-wavelength detection J Chromatogr 1991; 545: 445-460. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Schmutz A, Thormann W. Determination of phenobarbital, ethosuximide, and primidone in human serum by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with direct sample injection. Ther Drug Monit 1993; 15: 310-316. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  25. Caslavska J, Lienhard S, Thormann W. Comparative use of three electrokinetic capillary methods for the determination of drugs in body fluids : Prospects for rapid determination of intoxications. J Chromatogr 1993; 638: 335-342. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Schumtz A, Thormann W. Assessment of impact of physico-chemical drug properties on monitoring drug levels by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with direct serum injection. Electrophoresis 1994; 15: 1295-1303. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  27. Thormann W, Zhang CX, Schmutz A. Capillary electrophoresis for drug analysis in body fluids. Ther Drug Monit 1996; 18: 506-520. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. Ferslew KE, Hagardorn AN, McCormick WF. Application of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography to forensic analysis of barbiturates in biological fluids. J Forensic Sci 1995; 40: 245-249. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  29. Kataoka Y, Makino K, Oishi R. Capillary electrophoresis for therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptics. Electrophoresis 1998; 19: 2856-2860. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  30. Makino K, Goto Y, Sueyasu M, Futagami K, Kataoka Y, et al. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for therapeutic drug monitoring of zonisamide. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997; 695: 417-425. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  31. Lee KJ, Heo GS, Kim NJ, Moon DC. Analysis of antiepileptic drugs in human plasma using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr 1992; 608: 243-250. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  32. Lancas FM, Sozza MA, Queiroz MEC. Simultaneous plasma lamotrigine analysis with carbamazepine, carbamazepine 10,11 epoxide, primidone, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and PEMA by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). J Anal Toxicol 2003; 27: 304-308. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  33. Schafroth M, Thormann W, Allemann D. Micellar electrokinetic capillary Chromatography of benzodiazepines human urine. Electrophoresis 1994; 15: 72-78. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  34. Tomita M, Okuyama T, Sato S, Ishizu H. Simultaneous determination of nitrazepam and its metabolites in urine by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr 1993; 621: 249-255. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  35. Knox JH, Grant IH. Miniaturization in pressure and electroendosmotically driven liquid chromatography: some theoretical considerations. Chromatographia 1987; 24: 135-143. Go to original source...
  36. Knox JH, Grant IH. Electrochromatography in packed tubes using 1.5 to 50 mu.m gels and ODS bonded silica gels. Chromatographia 1991; 32: 317-328. Go to original source...
  37. Shihabi ZK, Oles K, Hinsdale M. Analysis of the antiepileptic drug keppra by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1004: 9-12. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  38. Ivanova M, Piunti A, Marziali E, et al: Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography applied for separation of levetiracetam from other antiepileptic drugs in polypharmacy. Electrophoresis 2003; 24: 992-998. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  39. Kvasnička F. Uživatelská příručka pro obsluhu izotachoforetického analyzátoru Ionosep 2003.
  40. Sádecká J, Polonský J. Determination of some cardiovascular drugs in serum and urine by capillary isotachophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1996; 735: 403-408. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  41. Ölvecká E, Koníková M, Grobuschek N, Kaniansky D, Stanislawski B. Direct determination of valproate in serum by zone electrophoresis-isotachophoresis on a column-coupling chip. J. Sep. Sci. 2003; 26: 693-700. Go to original source...




Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy

Madam, Sir,
please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

I declare:

  1. that I have met the above instruction
  2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited


No

Yes

If your statement is not true, please be aware
that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.