Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(1):18-29

Clinical and theoretical aspects of antipsychotic drugs

Miloslav Kopeček
Psychiatrické centrum Praha a 3. LF UK, Praha

Antipsychotics are drugs primarily used for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychosis, aggression and agitation. Some second generation

antipsychotics proved their efficacy in prophylactic and acute treatment of manic or depressive phase of bipolar affective disorders, in

monotherapy of depressive disorder or as augmentation to antidepressants in anxiety and unipolar depressive disorders. We have to

balance efficacy against the risk of antipsychotic use in the elderly.

Keywords: antipsychotics, indication, adverse effects

Published: April 24, 2012  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Kopeček M. Clinical and theoretical aspects of antipsychotic drugs. Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(1):18-29.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Kopeček M. Preskripce psychofarmak a jejich ceny v ČR v letech 2003, 2005 a 2008. Čes a slov Psychiatr 2010; 106: 119-120.
    2. Kopeček M. Klinické a teoretické aspekty podávání antipsychotik (neuroleptik). Remedia, 2002; 12: 447-465.
    3. Horacek J, Bubenikova-Valesova V, Kopecek M, et al. Mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs and the neurobiology of schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2006; 20: 389-409. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Fusar-Poli P, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Striatal Presynaptic Dopamine in Schizophrenia, Part II: Meta-Analysis of [18F/11C] -DOPA PET Studies. Schizophr Bull. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Mohr P, Citrome L. Jak porozumět výsledkům klinických studií a přeložit je do klinické praxe s pomocí NNT. Čes. a slov. Psychiatrie 2008; 104: 308-312.
    6. Höschl C. First-generation antipsychotics. In: Ian P. Stolerman (ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010: 534-536.
    7. Baldessarini RJ, Cohen BM, Teicher MH. Significance of neuroleptic dose and plasma level in the pharmacological treatment of psychoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 79-91. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Leucht S, Corves C, Arbter D, Engel RR, Li C, Davis JM. Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009; 373: 31-41. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Crossley NA, Constante M, McGuire P, Power P. Efficacy of atypical v. typical antipsychotics in the treatment of early psychosis: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2010; 196: 434-439. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Adams CE, Awad G, Rathbone J, Thornley B. Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; (2): CD000284. Go to original source...
    11. Zornberg GL, Jick H. Antipsychotic drug use and risk of first-time idiopathic venous thromboembolism: a case-control study. Lancet. 2000; 356: 1219-1223. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Leucht S, Wahlbeck K, Hamann J, Kissling W. New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2003; 361: 1581-1589. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Leucht S, Arbter D, Engel RR, Kissling W, Davis JM. How effective are second-generation antipsychotic drugs? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Mol Psychiatry. 2009; 14: 429-47. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Leucht S, Komossa K, Rummel-Kluge C, Corves C, Hunger H, Schmid F, et al. A meta-analysis of head-to-head comparisons of second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2009; 166: 152-163. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. McDonagh M, Peterson K, Carson S, Fu R, Thakurta S. Drug Class Review: Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: Final Update 3 Report [Internet]. Portland (OR): Oregon Health & Science University; 2010.
    16. Tiihonen J, Lönnqvist J, Wahlbeck K, Klaukka T, Niskanen L, Tanskanen A, Haukka J. 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet. 2009; 374: 620-627. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Rosenheck RA, Leslie DL, Sindelar J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine in a randomized trial of treatment of chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 2080-2089. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Jones PB, Barnes TR, Davies L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect on quality of life of second- vs firstgeneration antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia - cost utility of the latest antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia study (CUtLASS 1). Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 1079-1086. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Kahn RS, Fleischhacker WW, Boter H, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: an open randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2008; 371: 1085-1097. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Keefe RS, Bilder RM, Davis SM, et al. Neurocognitive Working Group. Neurocognitive effects of antipsychotic medications in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the CATIE trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64: 633-647. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Goldberg TE, Goldman RS, Burdick KE, Malhotra AK, Lencz T, Patel RC, et al. Cognitive improvement after treatment with second-generation antipsychotic medications in first-episode schizophrenia: is it a practice effect? Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007; 64: 1115-1122. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Nelson JC, Papakostas GI. Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry. 2009; 166: 980-991. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Weisler RH, Montgomery SA, Earley WR, Szamosi J, Lazarus A. Efficacy of extended release quetiapine fumarate monotherapy in patients with major depressive disorder: a pooled analysis of two 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012; 27: 27-39. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Bareš M, Novák T. Depresivní porucha. In Seifertová D, Praško J, Horáček J, Höschl C. Postupy v léčbě psychických poruch. Algoritmy České neuropsychofarmakologické společnosti. Praha: Medical Tribune CZ s.r.o., 2008: 103-130.
    25. Wijkstra J, Lijmer J, Balk FJ, Geddes JR, Nolen WA. Pharmacological treatment for unipolar psychotic depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2006; 188: 410-415. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Wijkstra J, Burger H, van den Broek WW, et al. Treatment of unipolar psychotic depression: a randomized, double-blind study comparing imipramine, venlafaxine, and venlafaxine plus quetiapine. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010; 121: 190-200. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. De Fruyt J, Deschepper E, Audenaert K, et al. Second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol. 2011; Sep 22. e-pub. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Cipriani A, Barbui C, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antimanic drugs in acute mania: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011; 378: 1306-1315. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Popovic D, Reinares M, Amann B, Salamero M, Vieta E. Number needed to treat analyses of drugs used for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011; 213: 657-667. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Sultzer DL, Davis SM, Tariot PN, et al. Clinical symptom responses to atypical antipsychotic medications in Alzheimer's disease: phase 1 outcomes from the CATIE-AD effectiveness trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2008; 165: 844-854. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Vigen CL, Mack WJ, Keefe RS, et al. Cognitive effects of atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with Alzheimer's disease: outcomes from CATIE-AD. Am J Psychiatry. 2011; 168: 831-839. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P. Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. JAMA. 2005; 294: 1934-1943. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Douglas IJ, Smeeth L. Exposure to antipsychotics and risk of stroke: self controlled case series study. BMJ. 2008; 337: 1227. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Barnett MJ, Wehring H, Perry PJ. Comparison of risk of cerebrovascular events in an elderly VA population with dementia between antipsychotic and nonantipsychotic users. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007; 27: 595-601. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Kales HC, Kim HM, Zivin K, et al. Risk of mortality among individual antipsychotics in patients with dementia. Am J Psychiatry. 2012; 169: 71-79. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Rosenheck RA, Gur RE, Caroff SN. A meta-analysis of the risk of acute extrapyramidal symptoms with intramuscular antipsychotics for the treatment of agitation. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008; 69: 1869-1879. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. Komossa K, Depping AM, Meyer M, Kissling W, Leucht S. Second-generation antipsychotics for obsessive compulsive disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; (12): CD008141. Go to original source...
    38. Dold M, Aigner M, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Efficacy of antipsychotic augmentation therapy in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis of doubleblind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2011; 79: 453-466. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. LaLonde CD, Van Lieshout RJ. Treating generalized anxiety disorder with second generation antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011; 31: 326-333. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    40. Andreasen NC, Pressler M, Nopoulos P, Miller D, Ho BC. Antipsychotic dose equivalents and dose-years: a standardized method for comparing exposure to different drugs. Biol Psychiatry. 2010; 67: 255-262. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Mohr P. Paliperidon s prodlouženým uvolňováním. Remedia 2007; 17: 586-591.
    42. Correll CU, Rummel-Kluge C, Corves C, Kane JM, Leucht S. Antipsychotic combinations vs monotherapy in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Schizophr Bull. 2009; 35: 443-457. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    43. Sommer IE, Begemann MJ, Temmerman A, Leucht S. Pharmacological Augmentation Strategies for Schizophrenia Patients With Insufficient Response to Clozapine: A Quantitative Literature Review. Schizophr Bull. 2011 Mar 21. [Epub ahead of print]. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    44. Leucht C, Heres S, Kane JM, Kissling W, Davis JM, Leucht S. Oral versus depot antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia-a critical systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised long-term trials. Schizophr Res. 2011; 127: 83-92. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    45. Masopust J, Hons J. Olanzapin Pamoát ve spektru antipsychotik s dlouhodobým účinkem. J. Čes a slov Psychiatr 2011; 107: 276-284.
    46. Švestka J. Paliperidon palmitát - dlouhodobě působící injekční antipsychotikum 2. generace s novou nanotechnologií. Psychiatrie 2011; 15: 224-232.
    47. Češková E, Kopřiva J. Umíme správně dávkovat antipsychotikum Risperdal Consta? Psychiat. pro Praxi 2011; 12: 30-32.
    48. Maher AR, Maglione M, Bagley S, et al. Efficacy and comparative effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic medications for off-label uses in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011; 306: 1359-1369. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    49. Fraguas D, Correll CU, Merchán-Naranjo J, et al. Efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents with psychotic and bipolar spectrum disorders: comprehensive review of prospective head-to-head and placebo-controlled comparisons. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011; 21: 621-645. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    50. Basire S. Psychotropic Drug Directory, HealthComm UK Ltd. Aberdeen, 2010: 202-203.
    51. Uchida H, Takeuchi H, Graff-Guerrero A, Suzuki T, Watanabe K, Mamo DC. Predicting dopamine D2 receptor occupancy from plasma levels of antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and pooled analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011; 31: 318-325. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    52. http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php.

    Return to the content


    Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy

    Madam, Sir,
    please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
    Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

    I declare:

    1. that I have met the above instruction
    2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited

    No
    Yes

    If your statement is not true, please be aware
    that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.