Klinická farmakologie a farmacie č. 1/2020

Redakce

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1)  

Klinická farmakologie mezi dvěma světy v době krize

Karel Urbánek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1):3  

Drug allergies and quality of taken medican history in hospitalized patients

Kateřina Pospíšilíková, Veronika Glumbíková, Jan Strojil

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1):4-8 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2020.002  

Introduction: Drug allergies may complicate choice of pharmacotherapy. In the case of an invalid of false-positive allergy history the patient may be exposed to second-line drugs that may present higher risk of side effects or increase cost of care. Methods: Prospective analysis of health records of hospitalized patients followed by a structured interview with detailed history. Between 11/2018 and 4/2019 we examined 92 hospitalized patients at selected clinics of the University Hospital in Olomouc. Results: The prevalence of drug allergies in our sample of hospitalized patients was 21.2%. In 92 patients we identified a total of 163 drug allergies (a...

Local anesthetics in dentistry

Vladimír Ščigel

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1):9-11 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2020.003  

Local anesthetics represent the most frequent group of drugs used in dentistry. This article provides a brief overview of contemporary available agents.

New method of local anesthesia in dentistry

Jakub Kania, Rostislav Večeřa, Dominik Berka

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1):12-15 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2020.004  

The aim of this review is to inform about a relatively new interesting alternative of local anesthesia in dentistry. This method is based on nasal application of spray containing local anesthetic tetracain combined with vasoconstrictor oxymetazolin. This review briefly describes both active ingredients and especially mentions major advantages and disadvantages of this new applicaion form accenting its practical use.

Patients with anticoagulant therapy in dental surgeon's office - treatment plan

Petr Michl, Tomáš Broniš, Richard Pink, Peter Tvrdý, Petr Heinz, Lenka Blažková, Zdeněk Dvořák, Dagmar Hanáková, Eva Sedlatá‑Jurásková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1):16-18 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2020.005  

Nowadays, in our surgeries we encounter a large number of patients who are indicated for anticoagulation therapy. Their number does not stabilize over time, while the indication for anticoagulation treatment is increasing, so these patients are a very large group represented in the dental surgeries. There are several risks that the surgeon needs to take into the account. These will the authors now try to summarize in several paragraphs so that the reader of this magazine, who knows perfectly the coagulation cascade and the effect of individual preparations on it, can also see the second - practical part of our small surgical field.

Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation from the perspective of pharmacotherapy

Markéta Marková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1):19-22 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2020.006  

Allogeneic haematopoietic transplantation is a therapeutic approach being used mostly in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Specific pharmacotherapy is its integral part, including both early peritransplant period and long-term follow-up. In the following text we attempt to summarize its basic principal.

Skin adverse drug events - allergic reactions

Karel Ettler, Jiří Ettler

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1):23-29 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2020.007  

Skin exanthema represents one of the most frequent adverse drug reactions. Pharmacologic and idiosyncratic (including allergic reaction especially after repeated exposition) reactions according to mechanisms are mentioned. Four types of allergic reactions are distinguished - the IV. type is the most frequent (including the most severe epidermal necrolysis). The first step in patient´s management is withdrawing of the drug. Topical dermatological treatment depends on type of exanthema. Systemic therapy (antihistamins, steroids, immunosuppressives, IVIG, biologics) is used in severe cases. The records to the patients documentation (allergy pass) are...

Adverse effects of platine derivatives administered by HIPEC method

Šárka Sperottová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1):30-33 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2020.008  

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a method used to treat patients with peritoneum carcinomatosis. Cytostatics used in therapy include platinum derivatives - cisplatin and oxaliplatin. These alkylating chemotherapeutics attack the tumor cell DNA and induce apoptosis. They have a lot of side effects because they affect all of the proliferating cells. Besides typical thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, acute renal failure in cisplatin (36% of patients) or neuropathy in oxaliplatin (19% of patients) may occur. Others include respiratory diseases, wound infections, or hemoperitoneum. During HIPEC, the staff comes directly into contact with...

Anticholinergic agents used in overactive bladder and their effect on cognitive function in elderly.

Anna Oleárová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2020;34(1):34-37 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2020.009  

Overactive bladder is common condition in elderly. Anticholinergic agents are the mainstay of pharmacological treatment of overactive bladder. They are effective but can decline the cognitive function. This adverse event depends on their ability to cross the blood - brain barrier and binding on muscarinic M1 receptors in central nervous system. Crossing of anticholinegics across the hematoencephalic barrier is dependent upon the molecular size, ionic charge, lipophilicity and if the anticholinergic is a P-glycoprotein substrate. Results of studies have shown the inappropriate anticholinergic agent to treat overactive bladder in elderly is oxybutynin,...