Klin Farmakol Farm. 2026;40(1):25-33 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2026.010

Biological treatment of asthma at the end of the first quarter of the 21^st century

Jakub Novosad, Irena Krčmová

Ústav klinické imunologie a alergologie, FN Hradec Králové

Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové, Univerzita Karlova v Praze

Bronchial asthma affects more than 339 million people worldwide, with traditional treatment achieving ultimate success in only about 50-60 % of patients. Since the turn of the 21^st century, we have been facing a revolution in asthmatology, consisting in the introduction of precision medicine focused on identifying pathogenetically causal molecular endotypes of the disease (type 2-high and type 2-low) using biomarkers (eosinophils, FeNO, IgE) and the introduction of targeted biological treatment with monoclonal antibodies: omalizumab (anti-IgE), mepolizumab, depemokimab (anti-IL-5), benralizumab (anti-IL-5R), dupilumab (anti-IL-4R) and tezepelumab (anti-TSLP). Biologi­cal treatment of severe refractory asthma can stabilise the disease even in situations where conventional therapy has failed, reduce severe exacerbations and reduce or even allow the discontinuation of systemic corticosteroid therapy. All of the mentioned factors lead to improved quality of life for patients. The following text summarises the pathogenesis of asthma, the mechanisms of action of individual biologics, and their clinical application in the context of precision therapy.

Keywords: asthma, immunopathogenesis, biological treatment.

Received: February 4, 2026; Revised: March 3, 2026; Accepted: March 6, 2026; Published: April 20, 2026  Show citation