20. ročník časopisu Klinická farmakologie a farmacie

Karel Urbánek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):3  

LÉČBA HLUBOKÉ ŽILNÍ TROMBOSY V ORDINACÍCH PRAKTICKÝCH LÉKAŘŮ V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

Marcela Zemková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):7-11  

Background: To investigate the management of (suspected) deep vein thrombosis in general practice. Methods: Self completing postal questionnaire among a random sample of 692 general practitioners in the Czech Republic. Results: The overall response rate was 58%. Eighty-nine percent of the respondents initiated objective evaluation. Fever than 3% usually make the diagnosis on clinical grounds only. Ninety-two percent of the respondents initiated adequate treatment in the last patient seen with deep vein thrombosis. No more than 4% usually treat patients with a vitamin K antagonist alone. The respondents frequently referred a patient to a specialists,...

Is there a connection between statins and cholinergic system?

MUDr. Ľubica Cibičková, prof. MUDr. Vladimír Palička CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):38-40  

Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration and destruction of cholinergic nerve cells. Modern therapy of AD concentrates on influencing the cholinergic system by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In a recent studies, hypolipidamics such as statins have been shown to have potency to attenuate the risk of AD. However, the exact mechanism of their action on AD has not been clarified yet. Firstly, they may influence of the brain cholinergic system by reducing apolipoprotein E (ApoE) synthesis, since statins inhibit the synthesis of ApoE in brain glia and an inverse correlation between...

Peripheral neuropathy as an advarse effect of statins

MUDr. Pavel Otruba, prof. MUDr. Petr Kaňovský CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):41-42  

Lipid-lowering agents rank among the most widely used medications. Numerous studies have demonstrated their significant benefit in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Adverse effects in the form of muscular affections have been well described. Recently observations have been made which suggest the possible risk of peripheral neuropathy in patients treated for a long term with lipid-lowering drugs. The aim of this article is to bring these effects to our attention and point to possible prevention through sensible pharmacotherapy.

Paget‘s disease - advances in treatment

MUDr. Jiří Jenšovský

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):43-45  

Paget‘s disease is the second most common metabolic disorder of the skeleton. It is a chronic condition which requires long-term, if not lifetime, treatment. Due to a primary disorder at the level of osteoclast clones, the treatment involves drugs inhibiting their action or reducing their number. Historically, the first agent to have been used was synthetic salmon calcitonin. Until recently, the treatment of Paget‘s disease included either oral bisphosphonates given in multiples of the daily doses used in osteoporosis treatment or intravenous bisphosphonates administered repeatedly at several month intervals. In the autumn of 2005, the...

A complex view of genito-urinary infections

Zbyněk Veselský, MUDr. Miroslav Förstl

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):47-51  

Urinary tract infections along with respiratory and gastrointestinal infections represent the most common type of infectious diseases. The prevalence of individual diseases varies widely and so do the opinions of the adequate treatment options. A number of aspects can be used to classify genito-urinary infections: the aetiologic agent, the site of origin, the presence of underlying disease, the time course, the severity of infection, etc. In everyday clinical practice it is of essential importance to determine whether the upper or lower urinary tract is affected by infection, whether there is an obstruction, and whether the patient needs to be referred...

Doc. MUDr. Danuše Waitzová, 75 let

prof. MUDr. Helena Rašková DrSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):53  

Insulin analogues

prof. MUDr. Jindřiška Perušičová DrSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):12-15  

Since 1922, when insulin was first used to treat type 1 diabetes, we have witnessed an era of monocomponent (MC) insulins, later an era of human (HM) insulins, and currently we are witnessing an era of insulin analogues. Insulin analogues are derived from the HM insulin molecule in which a structural change in the sequence of some amino acids in chain B (or even in chain A) will be reflected in the pharmacokinetic properties. Short-acting insulin analogues, including lispro, aspart and glulisine, have a more rapid onset of effect and a shorter duration than standard soluble HM insulins and they also pose a significantly lower risk of both early and...

Oral antidiabetics

MUDr. Jana Bělobrádková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):16-18  

The pandemic of civilization diseases including diabetes mellitus and the risk of cardiovascular complications represent a challenge for primary prevention. As the efforts to stop the pandemic have failed so far, attention has to be paid to therapeutic measures. Oral antidiabetics are indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and have been used as such for nearly as long as insulin.

Treatment of diabetic neuropathy

MUDr. Jindřich Olšovský

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):19-22  

The author presents an overview of management issues in diabetic neuropathy. Based on classification, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, he outlines the therapeutic options of diabetic neuropathy. These include both causal and symptomatic approaches.

Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the treatment of the tension-type headache

MUDr. Jiří Mastík

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):23-25  

Tension-type headache (TTH) belongs to so-called the primary headaches. It is the most common type of headache in general. We distinguish infrequent episodic, the frequent episodic and chronic TTH. Especially chronic TTH with episodes of pain occuring every other day or daily may often by pharmacoresistant. The treatment of TTH can be either prophylactic, when both warious non-pharmacological procedures, antidepressants, valproates and clonazepam are used, or acute in which in addition to simple and composite analgesics non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used. We prefer the drugs with fast onset of the analgesic effect and the drugs...

Prophylactic migraine treatment

MUDr. Rudolf Kotas Ph.D

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):26-29  

Migraine is a common episodic headache disorder. A comprehensive management of headache includes the treatment of the acute attack to relieve the pain and prophylactic therapy to reduce the frequency, severity and duration of attacks. In the present article, the clinical picture, pathophysiology and prophylactic treatment are reviewed. Prophylactic agents include beta-blockers, calcium channel antagonists, antiepileptic drugs, serotonin antagonists, anti-depressants and others.

Headaches induced by pharmacologically active substances or their withdrawal

doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Opavský CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):30-35  

Drug-induced headaches represent a common complaint in clinical practice. A generally accepted list of pharmacologically active substances inducing headache is included in the revised International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II). It presents an up-to-date overview of drugs (and other substances) with a risk of inducing headache during their administration or following their withdrawal. The presented paper provides information on the classification and features of headache following administration of individual drugs (or substances) involved. The spectrum of these pharmacologically active substances has been changing over the course...

Headache as an adverse drug effect

MUDr. Andrea Raganová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(1):36-37  

Headache is a very frequent adverse drug effect. In both domestic and foreign databases headache belongs to one of the most often reported adverse drug reactions and it continues to have an increasing trend. The aim of this article is to report the incidence, discuss the mechanisms of origin, and outline the possible prevention of this drug-induced symptom. It occurs mainly after the use of vasodilators, chemotherapeutics, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Of special concern is the analgesic headache which may be observed during an excessive treatment with drugs that should primarily relieve this pain. In case headache occurs without...