Editorial

MUDr. Viktor Kašák

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):59  

Possible use of artemia salina biotest for study of toxicologic effects of inhibitors

PharmDr. Zbyněk Sklenář Ph.D, doc. MVDr. Petr Dvořák CSc, Katarína Beňová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):62-65  

The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play a significant role in the control of the cell cycle. The inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases directly affect cell division and seem to be promising cytostatics. This paper presents a comparison of the toxicity of newly synthesized inhibitors and that of the long-time known olomoucine which was tested in vitro. The second generation Artemia salina biotest was used as a screening method. In the experiments, water with 0.9 percent salinity was applied and 50 pieces of A. salina nauplii stages were used. Four newly prepared purine derivatives with the inhibitory effect on CDKs were compared to the toxicity of...

Relationship between pharmacokinetics and therapeutic and adverse effects of methotrexate during the initial phase of treatment of moderate-severe and severe psoriasis

Ing. Jaroslav Chládek Ph.D, Jiřina Martínková, Jaroslava Vaněčková, Jiří Grim, MUDr. Marie Šimková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):66-70  

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD, therapeutic and adverse effects) during the initial phase of psoriasis treatment with methotrexate (MTX). Methods: Analysis of the results obtained in three prospective randomized trials enrolled 63 patients with moderate-severe and severe psoriasis. In weeks 1, 5 and 13, plasma concentrations of MTX were assayed using HPLC and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using standard noncompartmental methods in the software Kinetica, version 4.0. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was obtained. Data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and...

Current treatment options for infections caused by resistant gram-positive bacteria

doc. MUDr. Milan Kolář PhD, MUDr. Karel Urbánek Ph.D, Pavel Dlouhý

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):71-74  

The paper discusses how infections caused by resistant gram-positive bacteria could be treated. Also reported are the proportions of staphylococci and enterococci among the most common infections in patients hospitalized in the Teaching Hospital in Olomouc. Based on the surveillance of bacterial resistance possible approaches to antibiotherapy are suggested.

Pharmacotherapy of obesity and health risks

doc. MUDr. Vojtěch Hainer CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):103-107  

The prevalence of obesity is increasing world-wide and has reached epidemic proportions in both developed and developing countries. Overweight and obesity are associated with increased health risks, especially with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Increased body weight impairs quality of life and reduces life expectancy. Pharmacotherapy of obesity should be an integral part of the comprehensive obesity management which includes low energy diet, increased physical activity and cognitive behavioral modification of lifestyle. Antiobesity drugs affect target tissues (central nervous system /CNS/, gastrointestinal tract /GIT/, peripheral tissues)...

Ibandronate - a new effective amonobhisphosphate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

MUDr. Tomáš Hála

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):108-110  

Osteoporosis is a civilization disease which represents a health, economic, and social challenge. Osteoporosis may result in fractures of which mainly vertebral and hip fractures lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates. The main goal of management is to prevent fractures, additional goals include maintaining or modifying bone mass amount and quality, reducing the clinical consequences of fractures and skeletal deformities, and preserving physical fitness. Poor adherence to treatment has been shown to be of major concern in the care of patients with osteoporosis. Adherence to treatment with oral bisphosphonates decreases dramatically during...

How to write an article for a prestigious international journal: A sample publication by British authors

Radka Klimešová, doc. MUDr. Petr Petr PhD, Alexandr Popkov

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):111-113  

Parachutes are widely used to prevent death and major injury after gravitational challenge. Parachute use is associated with adverse effects due to failure of the intervention and iatrogenic injury. Studies of free fall do not show 100% mortality. No randomised controlled trials of parachute use have been undertaken. The basis for parachute use is purely empiric, observational, and its apparent efficacy could potentially be explained by a “healthy cohort” effect. Individuals who insist that all interventions need to be validated by a randomised controlled trial need to come down to earth with a heavy bump.

Allergic rhinitis

doc. MUDr. František Kopřiva Ph.D

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):75-82  

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has been increasing in the last decade, particularly in the paediatric population. The current classification is based on assessment of the severity and duration of the complaints and their influence on the patient's quality of life. Nasal symptoms in allergic rhinitis are due to the action of a wide range of mediators on various receptors. Itching and sneezing are caused by irritation of the sensory nerve endings, hypersecretion is induced reflexly by activation of the parasympathetic cholinergic fibres. Mucosal swelling is due to increased vascular permeability and mainly due to increased filling of the capillaries...

Diagnostics and therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis

MUDr. Jan Rottenberg

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):83-86  

Chronic sinusitis – with its 15% prevalence in population – represents one of the most common diseases in everyday practice in otolaryngology. The aetiology of chronic sinusitis is endogenous: the most frequent cause of the disease is allergic and non-allergic hypersensitivity of the immune system. The diagnostics covers a wide range of nosologic units including diseases with serious prognosis, which, if misdiagnosed – may lead to death or serious health damage. The therapy of chronic sinusitis must reflect the aetiology of the disease – the most frequent method of treatment is functional endoscopic sinus surgery in combination...

Acute laryngitis - pharmacological aspects of therapy

doc. MUDr. Ivan Novák CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):87-89  

The author deals with rational therapy of acute subglottic laryngitis and other upper airway obstructions as far as drugs, their appropriateness and cost are concerned. Both the author‘s own experience and approaches based on evidence based medicine (EBM) are presented.

Pharmacotherapy of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

MUDr. Viktor Kašák

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):90-96  

A contemporary review of pharmacotherapy of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Czech Republic is presented in this article.

Antibiotic therapy of bacterial pneumonias

doc. MUDr. Milan Kolář PhD

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):97-99  

The presented report formulates therapeutic approaches to patients with both hospital and community acquired bacterial pneumonia.

Pharmacology of substances abused by inhaling

Mgr. Alena Trojáčková, prof. MUDr. Peter Višňovský CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2006;20(2):100-102  

Substances may be inhaled in the form of gases, aerosols, or dust particles. Absorption from the lungs and the onset of effect after inhalation are very rapid. The substances most widely abused by inhalation include solvents, substances of carbohydrate nature often made from oil and natural gas. The motivation to abuse volatile substances is determined by euphorising, hallucinogenic, and anaesthetic effects. With lower doses, acute intoxication resembles behaviour in mild alcohol intoxication while with an increasing toxic effect irregularities in the heart rhythm occur with a potential risk of sudden sniffing death syndrome. Regular abuse of solvents...