Vzdělávání lékařů - včera - dnes - zítra?

prof. MUDr. Václav Zamrazil, DrSc.

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2014;28(4)  

Pharmacology Curriculum in the Undergraduate General Nursing Programs in the Czech Republic

Pavlína Štrbová, Zdeňka Mikšová, Lenka Mazalová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2014;28(4):137-141  

This paper assesses pharmacologic curricula in bachelor’s degree nursing programs at Czech universities. The average extent of pharmacology instruction at Czech universities is 22.38 hours. Four universities have under 20 hours. At 71% of the schools, the course is completed with a credit test and an exam. General pharmacology is most represented, clinical pharmacology is represented the least. The most commonly used Czech textbook reaches good didactic effectiveness of 61%. However it does not contain practical information on clinical pharmacology and does not deal with specific roles of nurses in ensuring rational pharmacotherapy. It...

Cytochromes P450 in the main role in a metabolism of cholesterol

Zuzana Matušková, Martin Poruba, Pavel Anzenbacher

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2014;28(4):142-146  

Cytochrome P450 (CYPs) are enzymes which are involved in drug metabolism and also in biotransformation of a variety of endogenous compounds incl. cholesterol, which plays an important role in human body. In the case of malfunction of these CYP enzymes, complications in the treatment of diseases can take place and/or enzymes can also cause various diseases itself. This paper deals with cholesterol, disorders of enzymes metabolizing cholesterol and consequences of therapies of enzyme insufficiency. Treatment of diseases of this type consists mainly in replacement therapy; however, without the early testing of the individual markers, the treatment...

Vaccination and prevention of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia

Štefan Laššán, Monika Laššánová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2014;28(4):147-151  

Pulmonary infections, especially invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) are considered as a significant cause of mortality (> 80 %) in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, mostly in elderly patients over > 70–75 years. The most frequent form of IPD is community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Clinical experience shows that the best method in terms of preventing and reducing the mortality risk of IPD and CAP is pneumococcal vaccination. At the present time, adult patients at risk can be vaccinated either with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23-valent (PPSV23). Both vaccines cover the...

Effect of medication reviews on mortality and hospitalization rates in nursing home residents: results of a meta-analysis

Petra Matalová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2014;28(4):158-159  

Medication review by a third person has been presented as a method that can improve the quality of pharmacotherapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Wallerstedt et al. evaluates whether this intervention results in a reduction in mortality and hospitalization rates in nursing home residents. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials revealed a risk-ratio (RR) for mortality of 1.03 (five trials; CI 95% 0.85–1.23). The corresponding RR for hospitalization was 1.07 (two trials; CI 95% 0.61–1.87). The results show that a medication review in nursing home residents fails to affect their mortality or the need for hospitalization.

DRESS syndrome induced by allopurinol treatment

David Karásek, Jiří Vymětal, Lubica Cibíčková, Pavel Horák, Světlana Brychtová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2014;28(4):152-157  

The authors describe a case of a female patient suffering from the DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) syndrome which was associated with administration of allopurinol. In addition to skin lesions and typical hematological abnormalities, an acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis was detected in the patient. Liver and pancreatic injury was also manifested. Cessation of allopurinol and comprehensive intensive treatment including local and systemic corticosteroids led to a regression of skin lesions, restoration of diuresis, and improvement of renal function. Functions of the other affected organs were restored, too.

Cocrystals - a new form of protection of mentalproperty

Richard Didič, Patrik Christian Cmorej

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2014;28(4):160-161  

After patent expiry of original drug, generic drugs can enter to market. Manufacturer of original drugs create subsidiary company, which produce generic drugs or push drugs form group of prescription drug to group of over the counter medicine. Invention of new solid form of drugs is one of ability to protraction spend life of patent. For example cocrystals offer better solid form of drugs, with better pharmacokinetic and physical property and better of drugs efficacy per consequens. Invention of new forms of drugs as cocrystals can affect considerably state of pharmaceutical manufacturers on market and affect considerably conflict in patent...