Personalizovaná medicína, farmakogenetika - naděje nebo bublina?

prof. RNDr. Pavel Anzenbacher, DrSc.

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):111  

Attitudes and adherence to pharmacologic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes - a pilot project

Petra Matoulková, Jana Pavlatová, Iva Selke Krulichová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):113-116  

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to identify patient´s personal medication beliefs in the cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with hypoglycemic agents (ATC group: A10B) and to estimate prevalence of self-reported non-adherence. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between October and December 2011 in two pharmacies. Czech translation of two questionnaires „Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire – Specific scale“ and „Medication Adherence Report Scale“ together with sociodemographic characteristics and presence of comorbities were collected for each participant. All variables were...

Analysis of the role of pharmacist in providing consultations in care

Katarína Dobrucká, Josef Malý, Jiří Vlček

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):117-120  

of patients at risk of overweight or obesity in the pharmacy Aim: The aim of the study was evaluation of the role of pharmacists in care of patients with overweight or obesity. Methods: Data was retrospectively analysed from individual consultations realized in the Hospital pharmacy IKEM from June 2006 to December 2009 and then assessed by frequency analysis and chi-squared test (p < 0.05). Results: 41 patients participated in consultations in the term of survey (32 women, median 54 years, 32 patients with BMI ≥ 28), from which 12 patients more than once. There were identified 44 drug related problems; the most frequent were non-adherence,...

Personalized medicine

Ondřej Topolčan, Judita Kinkorová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):121-122  

The work describes the emergence and development of personalized medicine in biomedical research. We discuss the current status of personalized medicine in Europe, in the world, and in the Czech Republic, and its prospects and perspectives.

Personalized medicine - anticipation of possibilities

Pavel Anzenbacher, Jana Nekvindová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):123-125  

A large development in the field of biosciences and personalized medicine is ongoing during last decade. The technologies coming along bring a more effective development of new drugs, improved diagnosis, earlier medical interventions and better therapeutical outcomes together with an effective and economical spending of the material and financial resources which are more and more limited. Examples of successful applications of personalized approach include e.g. diagnostics of mutations in genes of the EGFR pathway in colon cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma or malignant melanoma or screening for predisposition to hereditary cancers (mutations...

Pharmacogenomics - present, future, and perspective

Ondřej Slanař

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):126-130  

Pharmacogenomics is a subdiscipline within the field of personalized medicine the goal of which is to find an association between variability in drug response and genome-wide variability and/or transcription of gene-encoded information. Optimally, pharmacogenetic testing is indicated prior to initiation of treatment with selected drugs and is aimed at increasing efficacy or reducing the risks of developing toxicity in predisposed patients. In order to individualize pharmacotherapy, identification of only several selected polymorphisms falling within the field of pharmacogenetics has been applied in the clinical practice so far. This paper presents...

General principles of therapeutic monitoring of psychoactive drugs

Ivana Kacířová, Milan Grundmann, Romana Uřinovská

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):131-134  

Psychiatric disorders contribute significantly to worldwide morbidity and mortality. In depression and schizophrenia, effective drug therapy is available, but 30–50 % of all patients do not respond sufficiently to the initial treatment regime. On the other hand, severe side effects from correctly applied drug therapy have been repeatedly shown to be a major problem of drug therapy with considerable health burden and cost. The major reason is the considerable interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetic properties of the patient. At the very same dose of psychotropic drugs, a more than 20-fold interindividual variation in the medication’s...

Rivaroxaban

Karel Urbánek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):135-138  

Rivaroxaban is an oral selective, direct factor Xa inhibitor. It has well predictable pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. After oral administration is well absorbed, bioavailability varies between 80 and 100 %. It is from 92 to 95 % bound to plasma proteins, an average volume of distribution is 50 liters. The main metabolizing systems are cytochromes P450 3A4 and 2J2. It is excreted mainly via kidneys, about one third of the administered activity being excreted unchanged, primarily by tubular secretion. The remaining two thirds are excreted as inactive metabolites via the urine and bile. Mean terminal half-life in younger individuals is...

Incretins, inhibitors of DPP4 and inhibitors of SGLT2

Rudolf Chlup

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):139-142  

This review comprises the information on the state of the art of the ethiopathogenetic treatment of type 2 diabetes and on its near perspective. Basic data on the registered incretin mimetics (exenatide and liraglutide), on the registered DPP4 inhibitors (linagliptine, saxagliptine, sitagliptine, vildagliptine) and on the SGLT2-inhibitor (dapagliflozine) – waiting for the registration in the near future, are dealt with. The effects of incretin mimetics on reduction of HbA1c and on the reduction of body mass prevail the DPP4 effects. Both of these subgroups of recent secretagoga are influencing the ethiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes...

Body weight reduction in an obese woman with prediabetes in a two-year treatment with liraglutide and metformin

Rudolf Chlup, Emília Ďurajková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):144-146  

The case report illustrates beneficial effects of a two-year off-label treatment with liraglutide and metformin in an obese woman with treated hypertension and prediabetes. After several years of failed attempts to reduce excessive body mass (82 kg, BMI 36.4 kg/m2), body weight decreased by 14 kg with one-year treatment and stagnated at around 70 kg in the subsequent year. HbA1c before and after treatment was repeatedly within normal limits.

Dyes and their influence on human organism

PharmDr.Barbora Růžková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):148-152  

The dyeing and the using of dyes is part of major technological processes in drugs and food supplements manufacturing. Natural dyes, pigments and synthetic dyes are components of daily diet. The aim of the article was to demonstrate differences between natural and synthetic dyes, and their positive and negative impact on human organism particularly in the area of pharmacy. Further aim was to underline the difference in behaviour of inorganic pigments and organic dyes in the human body and, on concrete examples, specify positive impact of dyes on human health.

Druhý ročník mezioborového semináře mladých farmakologů a toxikologů - KVĚTINŮV DEN

doc. MUDr. Pavel Suchý, Ph.D.

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(3):154