Nejvýznamnější enzymy druhé fáze metabolismu léčiv: UDP-glukuronosyltransferázy a sulfotransferázy

Pavel Anzenbacher

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(2):49-51 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.008  

Analysis of Crohn´s disease pharmacotherapy in the child and adult population

Mária Kolesárová, Anita Vassová, Dana Marcinčáková, Ján Kyselovič, Andrea Gažová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(2):52-58 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.009  

Crohn's disease (MC - morbus Crohn) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown origin characterized by periods of relapse and remission. The aim of the study was the analysis of pharmacological therapy of MC in adults and pediatric patients through prescription in Slovakia for the year 2021. The data were obtained from the National Center for Health Information of the Slovak Republic. The number of prescriptions represented 21 834 prescription records (PZ), of which 988 (4.53 %) were PZ for pediatric patients (up to 18 years) and 20 846 (95.47%) for adult patients. Information such as the age and gender of the...

Drug treatment of hypertension in pregnancy

Renata Cífková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(2):59-63 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.010  

Hypertension is the most frequent non-obstetric complication effecting about 10% of pregnancies. Hypertension in pregnancy is classified as either pre-existing (chronic) or gestational, developing after 20 weeks of gestation and usually resolving within 6 weeks postpartum. Systolic blood pressure ≥ 170 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg are considered an emergency and hospitalization is indicated. The selection of antihypertensive drugs and the way they are administered depend on blood pressure values, gestational age and the estimated time of delivery. According to the current European and Czech guidelines, initiation of drug...

Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity: a review

Marek Lapka

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(2):64-67 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.011  

Trastuzumab has become a highly effective treatment for HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents or hormone therapy. Its clinical benefits are counterbalanced by a number of adverse effects, of which trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (TZK) is a prominent one. This is a known effect of cardiac damage caused by the use of this targeted anti-cancer molecule. This article aims to discuss the mechanism, important risk factors and management of the adverse reaction. Finally, it presents options to minimize this risk and possible ways to prevent or treat it.

Tirzepatid - a new hope in the treatment of obesity and a new antidiabetic drug

Robert Prosecký, Jiří Vítovec

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(2):68-71 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.012  

Tirzepatid is a drug developed by Eli Lilly and Company for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a synthetic peptide that acts as a dual agonist of both the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor. Its pharmacological properties stem from its ability to simultaneously activate these two receptors, which play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. In clinical studies, SURPASS has shown good efficacy in reducing glycated hemoglobin and reducing weight. It therefore appears to be a promising drug both in the treatment of type 2 DM...

Risks of opioid use in the elderly with persistent pain

Marek Lapka

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(2):72-76 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.013  

Opioids are commonly prescribed analgesics that work by binding to opioid receptors. Although the risks associated with the opioid use have long been known, there are several issues which clinicians still encounter with. This article aims to present selected risks of long-term use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of persistent pain in the elderly and how to prevent them. Besides, it discusses the prescribing characteristics of this population with respect to their pharmacological characteristics and summarizes the specifications of selected opioid analgesics that may be considered in the elderly.

Switch of a patient with ulcerative colitis to subcutaneous infliximab for recurrent upper respiratory tract infections

Michal Konečný

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(2):77-80 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.014  

The growing number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease on biological treatment naturally entails a more frequent manifestation of adverse effects. Especially in patients who benefit from this therapy, it is possible to eliminate the occurrence of adverse effects by changing the application form of the preparation and adjusting the concomitant therapy. The case report presents the case of a 49-year-old woman with a chronic, severe course of ulcerative colitis and repeated occurrence of serious infectious complications when biological and immunosuppressive therapies were combined. After changing to the subcutaneous application form of infliximab,...

Limitations of idarucizumab efficacy in acute renal failure - a case report

Jitka Rychlíčková, Tomáš Trávníček, Tereza Jelínková, Jan Žák

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(2):81-84 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.015  

Idarucizumab, a monoclonal antibody fragment capable of binding dabigatran molecules in a 1 : 1 stoichiometric relationship, is a specific antidote for dabigatran. The dose of idarucizumab was estimated based on observed plasma concentrations of dabigatran to achieve immediate, complete, and sustained reversal of the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran. Currently, a single dose of 5 g intravenously is recommended. However, in certain situations, the capacity of idarucizumab may be exhausted, and dabigatran plasma concentrations may rise again within hours of initial administration. We illustrate one such situation with a patient with acute renal failure,...