The importance of a fast-track pharmacology for the proper management of antibiotic therapy in intensive care units

Dario Cattaneo, Jessica Cusato

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):86-88  

Assay of colistin A, B and colistin methanesulfonate in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and short-term plasma stability

Vendula Kubíčková, Jan Soukop, Jitka Rychlíčková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):89-92 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.016  

A simple liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the determination of colistin A and colistin B in human plasma was developed and validated. Plasma extraction was performed using Oasis HLB 1 ml cartridges, analysis was performed using Arion® Polar C18 (250 × 4,6 mm; 5 mm) column at 35 °C. Mobile phases consisted of water containing 0,1% formic acid and methanol containing 0,1% formic acid (40 : 60, v/v) delivered at a flow rate of 0,8 ml/minute. Eluent was detected in the positive ion mode using electrospray ionization at the following transitions of mass to charge (m/z): colistin...

Individual pharmacokinetic modelling and therapeutic drug monitoring

Blanka Kořístková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):93-101 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.017  

Therapeutic drug monitoring allows the adjustment of the patient's dosage based on the drug concentration. Pharmacokinetic modelling software enables to predict the concentrations with regular and irregular dosing, with non-standard sampling times, before reaching a steady state or with changing function of elimination organs, in particular kidneys. Unexpected results can be caused by a sampling error (esp. when sample was taken from the same site as the drug was administered, or sampling from a central venous catheter), an incomplete drug history during dosage changes before sampling, missing information on the use of a loading dose, or a drug interaction....

Population approach in pharmacokinetic analysis

Jan Hlaváč, Martin Šíma, Ondřej Slanař

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):102-107 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.018  

Population pharmacokinetics is a field of pharmacology that aims to create a mathematical model describing the pharmacokinetics of a drug in a population, including its variability. This article provides an insight into this field and explains the terminology to better understand the studies. The method is introduced in the context of pharmacology as a whole, with an emphasis on pharmacokinetics and the use of statistical models for optimal dosing. The next section is a quick summary of the history of pharmacokinetics after the creation of NONMEM with a follow-up on computerized data processing today. The following section focuses on model building,...

Treatment of gout, traditional and new pharmacotherapy use

Ján Kamenický, Monika Laššánová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):108-111 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.019  

Gout (arthritis urica) is chronic metabolic multifactor disease as a result of the hyperuricaemia. The disease is purine metabolism disorder. It belongs to treatable rheumatic diseases. Its origin is based on genetic or external factors. Gout's pathological manifestations are acute and chronic gouty arthritis, tophi formation, kidney impairment and urolithiasis. The asymptomatic hyperuricaemia period comes before acute gouty attack. Hyperuricaemia is the most crucial laboratory finding. In treatment management of gout there are used nonpharmacological measures and pharmacotherapy. To nonpharmacological measures there belong low purine diet and lifestyle...

Inclisiran - a new representative of dyslipidemia biological treatment

David Karásek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):112-114 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.020  

Inclisiran represents a new option for the biological treatment of dyslipidemia, using to suppress the production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (thus achieving a reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol levels) by inhibiting the translation of genetic information through the targeted degradation of a specific mRNA. This is a revolutionary technology that brings the possibility of long application intervals, which increases the therapeutic adherence of patients. Thanks to its highly specific effect, it is a safe treatment that is very well tolerated. Inclisiran expands the existing spectrum of lipid-lowering treatments and allows a...

Topical treatment of basal cell carcinoma - current state and future perspectives

Paula Ďuríková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):115-118 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.021  

Basal cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In the indication of topical treatment of basal cell carcinoma, imiquimod and photodynamic therapy play a central role. These modalities are reserved for low-risk superficial subtypes, which reduces their degree of applicability in clinical practice. With the intention of overcoming current limitations, extensive research is conducted in the field of topical treatment of basal cell carcinoma. This article briefly summarizes the current therapeutic modalities, their limitations, and examples of new approaches in the treatment of this highly prevalent disease.

Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or ipilimumab in the first-line palliative therapy of esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, and gastric cancer

Ondřej Kubeček

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):119-124 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.022  

Patients with advanced and/or metastatic upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers still have a dismal prognosis. Despite the use of palliative chemotherapy, most patients will die within one year after diagnosis and long-term disease control is rare. Therapy with immune check­point inhibitors has been evaluated in various solid tumors, including the upper GI tract cancers. Nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the PD-1 receptor, in combination with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab or chemotherapy demonstrated efficacy in patients with advanced nonresectable and/or metastatic squamous cell esophageal cancer (CheckMate 648 trial). Further,...

Long-term therapeutic response to treatment with nivolumab and chemotherapy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastro-oesophageal junction

Peter Grell

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):125-129 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2023.023  

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors was first introduced in the clinical practice in 2011, and the spectrum of tumour types in which it can be used has been gradually expanding. Since 1st August 2023, nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy has been approved in the Czech Republic also for HER2-negative, locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus, gastro-oesophageal junction, and stomach, with PD-L1 expression assessed as a CPS (combined positive score) greater than or equal to 5. In this indication and in combination with chemotherapy, the drug substantially and clinically significantly prolonged the overall...

23. česká konference klinické farmakologie, Olomouc, 7.–9. září 2023

Prof. MUDr. Rostislav Večeřa, Ph.D.

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):142  

Vybraná abstrakta z 23. české konference klinické farmakologie
Teoretické ústavy LF UP v Olomouci
7.–9. září 2023

redakce

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2023;37(3):134-141