Adefovir dipivoxil - další naděje pro nemocné s chronickou hepatitidou B

doc. MUDr. Petr Husa CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):3-4  

PROBLEMS OF DRUG RISK PERCEPTION IN MONOCOMPONENT ANALGESIC AGENTS IN RELATIONSHIP TO CONSUMPTION DATA IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Jana Tisoňová, Roman Hudec, Milan Kriška, Tatiana Magálová, Viliam Foltán

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):8-11  

Analgesic drug risk perception remains a topical problem of medical practice because it concerns a large proportion of professionally active patients. The OTC availability of analgesics could lead to serious health damage in patients with chronic pain syndromes. Drug risk perception is reflected mostly in preferential drug choice and adverse drug reaction reports. We analyzed the total consumption of analgesic drugs in Slovak Republic between 1998 and 2002 by using WHO methodology and compared it with available data on analgesic drug consumption from Finland as well as with data an adverse drug reaction reports in Slovak Republic. The dominance of...

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PRESCRIPTION MEDICINES FULLY REIMBURSED BY PATIENT

doc. RNDr. Jozef Kolář CSc, Markéta Krejčířová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):12-16  

The article deals with the retrospective analysis of 2 102 medical prescriptions dispensed in hospital pharmacy between January and December 1998. The prescribed medicines were fully reimbursed by patients. An assortment was formed by 60 products, which belonged to the 19 therapeutic groups. There have been on average 1.7 packages per prescription. The average price per package was CK 412. Rohypnol was the most frequently prescribed medicine (29.1 % of all packages).

MANAGEMENT OF PHARMACOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AFTER 24-HOUR BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING

Miriam Bittnerová, Štefan Paulov, Ján Kyselovič

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):17-21  

Aim of study: 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a useful, noninvasive method for diagnosing and therapy of hypertensive patients. ABPM is widely used in clinical practice in Slovakia, but studies evaluating effectiveness and use of ABPM are lacking. The aim of presented study was to evaluate the clinical contribution of ABPM to management of antihypertensive treatment. Method: Medical records and ABPM records of patients with essential hypertension aged 19 to 86 years were analysed retrospectively. Blood pressure values (BP) measured in physician's office and by ABPM, percentage of dippers or nondippers (normal or diminished/absent...

Thalidomide

Roman Hájek, MUDr. Vladimír Maisnar Ph.D, Marta Krejčí

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):43-46  

The era of novel biologically-based therapies for MM began in the late 1990s with the finding of a strong anti-myeloma effect of thalidomide and the finding that bone marrow microenvironment plays a key role in promoting growth, survival, drug resistance, and migration of myeloma cells. Novel therapies in myeloma represented by thalidomide interfere with these processes in a variety of ways. They inhibit myeloma growth and induce cell death. Newer therapies are known as antiangiogenic drugs and/or immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Thalidomide was shown extraordinarity clinically effective in patients with multiple myeloma. This drug is also being evaluated...

ICHTHAMMOL AND TARS IN current DERMATOLOGICAL TREATMENT

doc. MUDr. Dagmar Ditrichová CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):47-48  

The article deals with the importance of tar preparations in current dermatological practice. Because of their adverse effects (carcinogenic, phototoxic, nephrotoxic) and in accordance with EU legislation a highty limited use of coal tars in external treatment is recommended. In indicated cases (some forms of psoriasis) application of up to 5 % concentration of coal tar and up to 20 % of skin surface is possible with careful laboratory monitoring. In other indications bituminous tars (ichthammol, leukichtol) are adequate substitutes.

RISKS OF FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENTATION IN CHILDREN: NEW ECOTOXICOLOGICAL PHENOMENON

prof. RNDr. Anna Strunecká DrSc, prof. RNDr. Jiří Patočka DrSc, Hardy Limeback

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):49-52  

The use of fluoride salts in dental caries prevention started the era of supplementation of the human body with fluorides. While the content of fluoride in ecosystems was very low in the past and it seemed to be necessary to add it to nutrition, its amount in the living environment and food chain has been increasing recently. The harmful effect of fluoride on the public health was reported from countries with fluoride overload from the living environment. Our article presents some data which document fluoride risks for healthy development of children. In Czech Republic this issue has not received wide attention.

Vitamin C - what we (do-not) know about it

Ján Buchanec, MUDr. Ján Mikler, MUDr. Petr Ďurdík, MUDr. Miriam Čiljaková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):53-56  

Vitamin C ranks among the basic antioxidants and is participles in the production of collagen and in other metabolic processes in the body. Humans are not able to synthesize it and they have to take it from food and or pharmacologic sources. The physiologic demands vary with age (40–50 mg/day in infants, 80–100 mg/day in teenagers and adults). The demands are higher in inflammatory states, wound healing, anaemia, in infancy, active and passive smoking and in others conditions. In industrial countries up to 50% of vitamin C demands are saturated in form of medicaments.

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BRIMONIDINE - A NEW DRUG FOR TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA

Gabriela Nosáľová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):57-58  

The aim of this article is to show on the role of selective α2-adrenoceptor agonists in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. The representatives of this group of the antiglaucomatic drugs are: clonidine, apraclonidine and brimonidine. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of brimonidine accredit its special place in this group. Brimonidine tartrate [5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolidinylideneamino) quinoxaline L-tartrate] is a new highly selective alfa2-adrenoceptor agonist. Although structurally related to clonidine, brimonidine has grater selectivity for alfa2-adrenoceptors. Brimonidine is also less lipophilic and is, therefore, less likely to...

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme in stable coronary artery disease

Jiří Vítovec, doc. MUDr. Jindřich Špinar CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):59-60  

The PEACE study (Prevention of Events with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition Trial) is a multicentric randomized, double blind study, comparing the treatment with ACE inhibitor trandolapril to placebo in patients with confirmed ischemic heart disease without heart failure, with ejection fraction over 0.4 and BPd < 100 mmHg. 8 290 patients were enrolled and followed for 4.8 years. The primary endpoint (death, nonfatal MI, CABG and PCI) was not influenced (21.9% vs. 22.5%, p = 0.43). There was a decrease of hospitalizations or death due to heart failure (2.8% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.02) and a decrease of new cases of diabetes mellitus (9.8% vs....

ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL TREATMENT IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B

Jaroslav Stránský

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):61-63  

We report a 46-yars-old woman with chronic HBeAg positive hepatitis B which during ten-years period was successively treated with glucocorticoids and azathioprine, famciclovir, interferon alfa-2a, alfa-2b and natural interferon, lamivudine alone and in combination with natural interferon, but only normal ALT level and HBV DNA negativity in serum were observed after treatment and in no treatment schedule seroconversion of HBeAg to anti-HBe occurred. After long-term lamivudine treatment, a mutant resistant to lamivudine developed with a relapse of hepatitis after therapy cessation. Finally, we used adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg/day for nine months but again...

Správa z XII. konferencie klinickej farmakológie v Bratislave

Jana Tisoňová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):64-65  

Sekcia klinickej farmácie Slovenskej farmaceutickej spoločnosti a aktivity slovenských klinických farmaceutov v roku 2004

Lívia Magulová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):65  

VI. ročník Vinobraní klinické farmacie

Petr Červený

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):66  

PROFESSOR EMIL STARKENSTEIN, M.D. (18. 12. 1884 - 6. 11. 1942) BIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AN OUSTANDING EUROPEAN PHARMACOLOGIST FROM PRAGUE (To the 120th anniversary of his birth)

Jaroslav Jezdinský

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):72-74  

Emil Starkenstein contributed substantially to the development of pharmacology and also of the clinical pharmacology. In 1918 he pusblished the article „Clinical pharmacology – Theory and Praxis at the Patient´s Bed“. He defined that the main task of clinical pharmacology is to apply and verify the achievements of experimental pharmacology into the clinical therapy. In the period 1921–1933 his scientific interests were concerned namely with pharmacology of analgesic combinations, therapy of sea-sickness and with pharmacology of iron. His experimental research initiated the introduction into the therapy of pharmaceutical preparations...

EZETIMIBE - THE FIRST AGENT OF A NOVEL CLASS OF SELECTIVE CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITORS

Lucie Sobolová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):22-26  

Current approaches of lipid lowering therapy include low fat diet and the use of wellestablished treatments. There is also the development of the novel agents which interfere with different levels of cholesterol metabolism are being developed. Ezetimibe is the first agent of a novel class of selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Ezetimibe inhibits the absorption of biliary and dietary cholesterol from the small intestine without affecting the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, triglycerides or bile acids. The site of its pharmacological action is the brush border of the small intestine where it decreases cholesterol uptake into the enterocytes....

PRESENT SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE TREATMENT

prof. MUDr. Jan Bultas CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):27-39  

Although a frequent and serious disease chronic heart failure, has been treated until recent times by methods known for hundreds of years. “Phlebotomy” is a method used in antique times and for example digitalis alkaloids were introduced into the treatment of heart failure more than two hundred years ago. Since the introduction of diuretics in mid-last century, our treatment procedures had stagnated and for a long time, there had been no possibility to alter unfavourable prognosis of patients. Only since the introduction of treatment aimed at maladapted regulatory mechanisms – renin, angiotensin and aldosterone system, combined with...

Drug interactions between warfarin and cardiovascular drugs

David Suchý, MUDr. Zdenka Poklopová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):40-42  

Warfarin is a member of a class of vitamin K antagonists and acts as an inhibitor of epoxide reductase and vitamin K reductase, two essential enzymes in vitamin K cycle. It is a racemic mixture of enantiomers which have different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Due to its metabolism warfarin is susceptible to many drug interactions on different bases. Clinically most important interactions are those due to inhibition of its hepatic metabolism. Awareness of the interactions between warfarin and other medications may help to avoid the risk of excessive or inadequate anticoagulation.

Infliximab in clinical treatment

MUDr. Vladimír Zbořil CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(1):67-71  

Infliximab belongs to the group of so name biological therapy. It is human monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha. It consist of 25% mice a and 75% human sequention. The main contemporary indication´s for its clinical use are rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis (ancylosing spondylitis) and Crohn´s disease.