Úvaha o učebnicích farmakologie

Max Wenke

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):79-81  

The comparison of selected cardio-active original products with their generics based on dissolution study

PharmDr. et Mgr. David Vetchý Ph.D, doc. PharmDr. Miloslava Rabišková CSc, Mgr. Michaela Švarcová, Tomáš Sýkora, PharmDr. Adam Häring

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):84-88  

The drug release from the dosage forms is determined using in vitro dissolution test. The conditions and limitations of dissolution tests for each dosage form are strictly given. The equivalent drug release from original and generic product proved using dissolution tests is followed by a bioequivalence study. It proves the similarity between the original product and its generic. In this experimental work selected cardio-active original brands and their generics were compared using dissolution test. Two different types of oral dosage forms were evaluated: tablets without and with modified drug release. In the first group original brand Zorem® was...

Pharmacogenomics and nutrigenomics: complex gene-environment interactions

Ondřej Šeda, Lucie Šedová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):116-120  

Pharmacogenetics is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the relationships between the genetic disposition of an individual and the effects of the drugs administered at the level of particular gene polymorphisms. Since 1950s pharmacogenetics has evolved from single observations and indirect indices to highly parallel, high-throughput analyses of genetic polymorphisms affecting the action of the drugs administered. Only recently have we witnessed the advent of pharmacogenomic methods that allow to assess the effect of the drug administered on the global expression of the genetic information at levels of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. Concurrently,...

The role of lamotrigine in bipolar depression treatment

MUDr. Lívia Vavrušová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):121-123  

Anticonvulsants have assumed major importance in the treatment of bipolar disorder as mood stabilizers. Anticonvulsants are not a single therapeutic class, but are composed of multiple distinct subclasses with various mechanisms of action, efficacies, and side effects. Lamotrigine has found its place in the treatment of bipolar depression. International Consensus Group on Bipolar Depression Treatment Guidelines have confirmed lamotrigine to be the drug for treatment of bipolar depression with category 1 data.

Malaria

MUDr. Hana Roháčová Ph.D

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):132  

The case of a 72-year-old man with malignant tropical malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum and high parasitaemia is presented. Several month hospital stay was accompanied by a number of complications due to severe course of the disease. The patient was artificially ventilated for a long period of time, dialysed and suffered severe cerebral damage due to cerebral form of malaria. He survived, but remained immobile with a limited contact to the surroundings.

Malaria and its treatment

Zdeněk Fendrich

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):89-94  

Malaria is the most frequent imported protozoan tropical disease. Nowadays even general practitioners can more frequently come into contact with the disease when treating our tourists returning or migrants coming from endemic areas. Transmission and propagation of malaria requires a Plasmodium protozoan and a disease vector, the female Anopheles mosquito. The following four parasites are pathogenic for man: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. falciparum and P. malariae. Cyclic development of the parasite is therefore limited to two hosts, the mosquito and man. Sexual development of the parasite is located in the intestinal tract of the mosquito and asexual development,...

Pharmacotherapy of malaria in Czech Republic

doc. MUDr. Jiří Vaništa CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):95-99  

Malaria is a serious problem of healthcare systems worldwide. Annually, it affects 300 million people and causes 2 million deaths. In non-malaria countries, more than 30,000 people get ill annually by contracting the disease in tropical and subtropical areas. The mortality of such imported malaria fluctuates around 1 %, but in a serious course of the disease it may reach as much as 20 %. A life-threatening course of malaria is prevented by early diagnosis and early initiation of effective chemotherapy. For this reason, suspected tropical malaria is an acute situation in infectious medicine, which requires diagnostic and therapeutic efforts to...

Visceral leishmaniasis treatment progress

Vladimír Mihál, Dagmar Pospíšilová, Martina Suková, Jan Starý

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):100-105  

Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by the suction of blood of some species of sandflies, affects various age groups depending on the infecting Leishmania species, geographic location, disease reservoir, and host immunocompetence. Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of the disease which, if left untreated, could have a life-threatening course. The extent and presentation of the disease depend on several factors, including the humoral and cell-mediated immune response of the host, the virulence of the infecting species, and the parasite burden. Intermittent fever, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymph node enlargement, thrombocytopaenia,...

Pneumocystis pneumonia

doc. MUDr. Jana Skřičková CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):106-110  

Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia occurs in immunosuppressed patients, mostly those with depression of T-lymphocyte immunity, or, less commonly, in those with severe hypogammaglobulinaemia. In individuals with no immune derangement, Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) is considered to be a harmless ubiquitous pathogen; the frequent occurrence of anti-pneumocystis antibodies in four-year-olds seems to corroborate this opinion. Comparative DNA analysis has confirmed that Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) is a fungal organism. The diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) is established by identification of the organism in lung samplings. As sputum...

Current treatment of helminthoses

MUDr. RNDr. František Stejskal Ph.D

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):111-115  

Infections due to parasitic worms (helminthoses) rank among the most frequent human illnesses. They are usually chronic infections which, if not treated with specific chemotherapy, may develop for many years or even decades. An ill person is usually a source of infection which can be transferred orally by contaminated food and water, cutaneously through normal skin (schistosomiases, ancylostomiases), or through being bitten by a specific host (filariases). Trichinelosis, toxocarosis and hydatidosis rank among zoonoses. The presented article shows an overview of treatment options of helminthoses prevalent in our country. Those of imported infections,...

Molecular mechanisms of action of antiandrogen bicalutamide

Jan Bouchal, Karl R. N. Baumforth, Michaela Šváchová, Paul G. Murray, Erwin von Angerer, Zdeněk Kolář

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):124-127  

Androgen deprivation is currently the only effective systemic therapy available for metastatic prostate cancer. Monotherapy by antiandrogens represents for some patients an alternative to castration with respect to lower incidence of side effects. Advantages of antiandrogen bicalutamide include good tolerance, minimal side effects and retention of libido and sexual potency. We review the current knowledge on molecular mechanisms of bicalutamide action and discuss our results regarding telomerase activity, p53 pathway and apoptosis. In particular, the finding of activation of p53 pathway and apoptosis by higher doses of bicalutamide can lead to discussion...

Ten years of efficient ATP site-directed competitive inhibition of proteinkinases

Jaroslav Veselý

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(2):129-131  

A brief survey on the development of the first synthetic selective inibitors that competitively inhibit proteinkinases in their ATP-binding pocket is presented. Until 1990s, selective inhibition of this kind was considered improbable. The reason for such a belief was the high degree of homology existing between proteinkinase ATP-binding domains. The small synthetic molecules inhibiting c-Abl kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) were the first selective ATP-competitive inhibitors to have been described about ten years ago. French and Czech scientists made an important contribution in this field by discovering...