„Orphan“ lieky

Magdaléna Kuželová, Kateřina Kubáčková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(1):3  

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES OF TAXOL PHARMACOKINETICS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

Eugen Kubala, Kateřina Kubáčková, Stanislav Horský, Radka Václavíková, Pavel Souček, Marcela Mrhalová, Roman Kodet, Zdeněk Roth, Ladislav Tomášek, Ivan Gut

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(1):7-11  

Objective: Analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters of Taxol® (paclitaxel) in patients with breast cancer in repeated infusions and determination of possible individual differences Methods: Paclitaxel plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC with UV detection in 8 breast cancer patients before, during 60min of infusion and 10 to 1 380 min after infusion. Results: Pharmacokinetic parameters of the individual patients did not significantly change during 3 repeated weekly infusions. However, these parameters (half-lives t0,5α, t 0.5β and 0.5γ and corresponding rates, intercepts, area under concentration AUC0-t, AUC0-∞,...

REVIEW OF TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS IN DERMATOLOGY 2. CLASSIFICATION OF TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS REGISTERED IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ACCORDING TO THERAPEUTIC EFFECT

doc. MUDr. Marie Viktorinová CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(1):36-41  

The article reviews the contemporary topical corticosteroid drugs registered in the Czech Republic, their differentiation according to the intensity of their effects as well as a review of indications, contraindications and general treatment principles.

POLYPHARMACY IN A 67-YEAR-OLD DIABETIC

Jan Strojil, František Horák, MUDr. Ján Ürge

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(1):43-45  

Polypharmacy, drug overuse, is a problem of growing importance in today’s medicine. It has many negative impacts on the patient and healthcare system alike. Seniors with multiple comorbidities are more likely to be on multiple medications, and therefore are at higher risk of developing serious side effects or interactions. We present a case of a polypharmacy patient and describe the approach we took in reducing his medication. Some approaches used to control polypharmacy are mentioned in the discussion.

PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER (OAB) AND URGE URINARY INCONTINENCE

MUDr. Aleš Vidlář, MUDr. Radovan Vrtal, doc. MUDr. Vladimír Študent Ph.D

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(1):12-14  

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic distressing condition characterized by urinary urgency with or without urge incontinence (UI), usually with frequency and nocturia. It affects millions of people worldwide independent of age, sex and race. The prevalence increases with age and is relatively higher in women compared with men. The treatment of OAB is aimed at reducing of the debilitating symptoms so as to improve the overall quality of life for patients. This article gives overview about known pharmacological treatment of OAB and UI with a view to anticholinergic agents (1st line drugs).

CURRENT PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

doc. MUDr. Vladimír Študent Ph.D, MUDr. Martin Hrabec, MUDr. Igor Hartmann, MUDr. Aleš Vidlář

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(1):15-21  

In male population aged 40–70 years erectile dysfunction occurs in 52 %. The pathological changes by Doppler examination can be found up 90 %, ED can be consider as risk indicator chromíc heart failure, cause of ED can be trauma or iatrogenic damane RRP, TURP. The therapy is not found up 90 % of male. The introduction of new oral therapies has completely changed the diagnostic and therapeutic approuch to ED. We can distinguish drugs with central (yohinbin, apomorphin) and peripheral effect – PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil). Oral pharmacotherapy is the first –line therapy. PDE-5 inhibitors are...

CURRENT TREATMENT OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Věra Vávrová, Jana Bartošová, MUDr. Libor Fila

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(1):22-26  

Cystic fibrosis is a serious chronic disease, which was first described less than 70 years ago. Since then great progress in understanding the nature of the disease has been made. Patients´ prognosis improved significantly in the mid 1950s, when new antibiotics were introduced. The discovery of chloride transport across the epithelial membrane and especially the discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989 enabled the comprehension of disease aetiology. They also offered the opportunity to search for new therapeutic approaches. The aims of classical symptomatic treatment were to prevent/treat bacterial infection, to improve airway clearance and nutritional status....

FABRY DISEASE AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS TREATMENT WITH ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPY

Vlasta Kákošová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(1):27-30  

Fabry disease is an X–linked, hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by a defect in the degradation of glycosphingolipids. It leads to their accumulation as lysosomal dense bodies in various tissues. The underlying cause is mutation in the gene located on the long arm of the X chromosome encoding the lysosomal enzyme, α-galactosidase A. Fabry disease (FD) is also known as Anderson-Fabry disease or angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. It belongs to rare disorders, so-called „orphan diseases“. FD takes a progressive course and the prognosis, if untreated, is bleak. Advances made in the pharmaceutical industry have offered new...

NOVEL THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES FOR PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Iveta Šimková, MUDr. Pavel Jansa

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(1):32-35  

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) covers a wide spectrum of diseases, characteristic by progressive course, very poor life quality and prognosis quod vitam. Major advances in understanding of the mechanism of the disease development, in the diagnostic process opened new horizons of therapeutic effects. Specific therapy of PAH (prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors) is pharmacologic treatment, acting through pathogenic pathways and therefore changes therapeutic strategy, effectively improves clinical course and prolongs life. From the pharmacoeconomic point of view this therapy is categorized to the finances-consuming...