Úvodní slovo

Milan Kolář

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):51  

Adverse effects of antiepileptic therapy in children and adolescents with epilepsy - retrospective analysis

Ĺubomír Virág, Magdaléna Kuželová, Lívia Magulová, Miroslav Murgaš

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):54-58  

Anticonvulsants are drugs for a longtime therapy, therefore their possible adverse effects require more attention. The aim of study was to obtain data about adverse effects and overall risk of antiepileptic therapy in paediatric patients with epilepsy. Methods: We analyse the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs used by paediatric patients, who were treated in private paediatric neurological practice in Nitra during 10 years time (1994–2004). Over this period, there were 219 patients treated with the diagnosis of epilepsy in this ambulance. Medical records of these patients have provided the source of data. Results: One hundred sixteen (53 %)...

Therapeutic drug monitoring by means of electrophoresis methods

Lucie Pavlíková, Hana Brozmanová, František Kvasnička, Milan Grundmann

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):79-83  

The review of the electrophoresis methods for the terapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is presented. In clinical analysis, usually the drugs must be analyzed in a complex matrix. For this reason, attention will be paid to sample pretreament procedures used for TDM since it is a critical step in the analysis of biological samples. The method used for the preparation of sample solid-phase extraction or liquid-liquid extraction. For some determinations direct sample injection can be used, which is one of advantages of electrophoresis methods compared with some others separative analytical methods (chromatographic). This overview describes the principle of...

Current and future treatment of cystic fibrosis

Věra Vávrová, Jana Bartošová, MUDr. Libor Fila, Libor Fila

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):84-86  

The aim of new methods in cystic fibrosis treatment is to supplement not to replace classical cystic fibrosis treatment. New methods of therapy are focused on modifying the quality of mucus by means of altered ion transport, suppressing infection and fighting inflamma­tion. Searching for, preventing, and treating complications are important parts of the treatment. There is a general consensus that modern intensive centralized therapy will improve not only the survival but also the quality of life of cystic fibrosis patients.

Hodnocení klinického a ekonomického prospěchu léčby nadváhy sibutraminem (Meridií) ve všeobecné lékařské praxi

Petr Petr

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):87-89  

Pain management in dying patients

Ondřej Sláma

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):59-61  

The terminal phase is characterised by changing quality and intensity of pain. Beside physical pain important psychosocial and existencial issues are usualy displayed. To relieve the suffering of dying patient requires close attention to all these dimensions. The problem gets more complicated by delirium, cognitive impairement, which is quite common in dying. Symptomatic management of delirium is an important part of terminal care. To manage refractery physical symptoms the pharmacologic palliative sedation is sometimes needed.

Nutritional support in terminal care

Dana Hrnčiariková, Michal Hrnčiarik, Božena Jurašková, Zdeněk Zadák

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):62-66  

The object of terminal care are patients in end-stage oncological and non-oncological illnesses (chronic cardiac failure, COPD, neurodegenerative diseases etc.). In the following article we focuse first of all on terminal oncological diseases. Causes of neoplastic cachexia are not exactly clarified. Anorexia, local tumor proliferation and pathological increase of metabolic processes in the organism participate in tumor cachexia. Indications and contraindications of nutritional support in terminal care are not easy and are pursued by many ethical aspects. We always have to choose individual approach in cooperation with patient. Nutritional support should...

Fever of Unknown Origin in Patients with Neutropenia (so-called Febrile Neutropenia)

Petr Cetkovský

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):67-73  

In recent 30 years we were able to reduce mortality of the patients with febrile neutropenia (fever of unknown origin – FUO). This was particularly due to modern antiinfective drugs, new diagnostic tools, new prognostic models enabeling risk stratification of the patients. There has been developed new guidelines for quick therapy initiation. So antibiotics (ATBs), which are still basic stone of FUO treatment, can be promply and aproprietly administered. This is really important in fact, that FUO is one of the most important and emergent situation in very hematologic patients. There is also one important change in the politics of ATB administration...

Antibiotics in the treatment of severe sepsis - contemporary trends

Roman Kula, Peter Sklienka, Václav Chýlek, Pavel Szturz

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2007;21(2):74-78  

Severe sepsis is the most common cause of death in ICU. Despite advances in diagnostics and treatment, mortality of severe sepsis remains unacceptably high (28–50 %). Antibiotic therapy and control of the source of infection are the cornerstones of appropriate management of infection and sepsis. Inadequate antibiotic treatment appears to be an important determinant of mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Optimalization of the antibiotic treatment includes an early initiation, right antibiotic choice, adequate dosing, and appropriate duration of application.