Farmakoterapie v oftalmologii

doc. MUDr. Bohdana Kalvodová, CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):107  

doc. MUDr. Milan Grundmann, CSc., septuagesimo anno

doc. MUDr. Petr Petr PhD

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):103  

On the possibility of interactions of rocuronium with liver microsomal cytochromes P450

doc. RNDr. Eva Anzenbacherová, CSc, Pavel Anzenbacher, Alena Tunková, Milan Adamus

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):108-110  

Aim of the study: Aim of the study was to find whether human liver microsomal cytochromes P450 interact with rocuronium in vitro. Methods: Interaction of rocuronium with microsomal cytochromes P450 was followed spectrophotometrically using difference absorption spectroscopy. Interaction with cytochrome P450 form CYP3A4 was studied by determination of inhibition of a CYP3A4-specific enzyme activity (testosterone 6β-hydroxylation) by HPLC. Results: Rocuronium interacts in vitro with human liver microsomal cytochromes P450 and inhibits effectively the CYP3A4 specific enzyme activity. Conclusion: Due to the fact that the CYP3A4 form is known...

Contemporary pharmacotherapy of glaucoma

doc. MUDr. Eva Růžičková, CSc, Marek Fichtl, Jindřiška Betková, doc. MUDr. Bohdana Kalvodová, CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):111-114  

Glaucomas – one of the most serious problems of ophthalmology – have one of the leading position at a risk of irreversible world blindness, the glaucomas causes 13 % of a whole world blindness. It is well known that around 3,0–3,5 % of population have glaucomatous damage of an optic nerve linked with a loss of vision and visual field loss. Because there are many types of glaucoma which affects younger generation, it is possible to rank glaucoma among all-society problems. Elevated intraocular pressure was always hold as main etiopathogenetics factor which causes the glaucoma. Tendency to lower intraocular presure was considered...

Therapy of uveitis

doc. MUDr. Petra Svozílková, Ph.D, Eva Říhová, Jarmila Heissigerová, Michaela Brichová, Dagmar Jeníčková, doc. MUDr. Bohdana Kalvodová, CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):115-119  

Uveitis is a non-specific term for inflammation of the iris, ciliary body and choroidea. Intraocular inflammation may consequently involve adjacent structures (cornea, sclera, retina, optic disc) and result in visual acuity impairment. The disease may be caused by infection, autoimmune mechanisms or ocular injury. In just about 50 % of cases the cause of intraocular inflammation is unknown. The main presumption for commencement of causal treatment is to recognize the etiology of uveitis. Treatment options depend on inflammation severity, frequency of complications and threat of visual acuity owing to uveitis. Mild accidental cases of uveitis require...

Treatment of the chronic blepharitis

MUDr. Michalis Palos

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):120-124  

Chronic blepharitis is a common inflammatory condition of the eyelid margins. Blepharitis is classified as anterior or posterior. Unidentified chronic blepharitis can lead to sight-threatening complications. Treatment requires long-term therapy, patients should be educated about the chronicity of the disease. The cornestone of treatment is good lid hygiene.

Questions of age-related macular degeneration and current possibilities of medication with the focus on biological therapy

MUDr. Zora Dubská, CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):125-137  

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe central visual acuity loss in 1 or both eyes in people over 50 years of age. The risk of AMD increases with age. Prevalence of the disease is about 90 % nonexudative, dry AMD, and 10 % neovascular, exsudative, wet AMD. Severe visual loss from AMD usually occurs in individuals with neovascular abnormalitis or subfoveal geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Risk factors for AMD include positive family history, cigarette smoking, hyperopia, light iris color, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, female gender and cardiovascular disease. The hallmark of nonneovascular...

Pharmacokinetics and clinical applications of selected immunosuppressants I.

Mgr. Petra Maršálková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):138-141  

The currently available immunosuppressive agents have been used for the management of patient with a wide range of medicinal issues, such as organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis, among others. All of the agents have relatively narrow therapeutic ranges with significant dose-limiting toxicities. This review discusses pharmacodynamic properties, biotransformation, drug interactions, and side effects of corticoids, inhibitors and analogues of DNA bases, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.

New Looks at Osteoporosis Therapy

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Palička CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):143-146  

Burden of postmenopausal osteoporosis requests active prevention as well as highly precise and evidence-based stratification of individual risk of fracture. Based on estimated risk adequate treatment should be selected. T-score, reflecting bone mineral density in selected areas of skeleton, only, is going to be insufficient marker. FRAX calculator of individual fracture risk in the next ten years, supported by WHO and IOF, looks promising in that aspect. The great advantage of FRAX is considering the main risk factors together with BMD. Challenging question is long-lasting therapy, its effects, advantages and disadvantages. Data are insufficient...

Rivaroxaban

doc. MUDr. Karel Urbánek, Ph.D, MUDr. Jiří Gallo

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2009;23(3):148-150  

Rivaroxaban is an oral selective, direct factor Xa inhibitor. It has well predictable pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and is generally well tolerated. Rivaroxaban is used in patients undergoing knee and hip arthroplasty as a prevention of deep vein thrombembolism in the dose 10 mg once daily as long as the risk of venous thromboembolism persists (in elective hip replacements for 5 weeks). In clinical trials, rivaroxaban showed a significant reduction in the incidence of venous thromboembolism as compared with enoxaparin.