Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Petr Kessler

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):59  

Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to selected antibiotics in relation to their consumption

Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Vladimíra Vojtová, Vojtěch Hanulík, Hana Suchánková, Milan Kolář

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):61-66  

The aim of the present study was to analyse the development of resistance of clinically most relevant Enterobacteriaceae in association with the selection pressure of selected antibiotic groups. We evaluated the development of resistance of K. pneumoniae (a total of 31,627 strains), E. coli (55,727 strains), E. cloacae (3,251 strains) and P. mirabilis (13,751 strains) in relation to the consumption of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and piperacilin/tazobactam at the Olomouc University Hospital in the years 2000 to 2010. The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to piperacillin/tazobactam was found to increase depending...

Prescription of antiplatelet treatment in elderly patients with atherosclerotic disease of coronary and cerebral arteries

Veronika Drobná, Lenka Kostková, Viera Štvrtinová, Andrej Dukát, Ján Murín, Martin Wawruch

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):67-71  

Objective: The aim of our study was to analyse the utilisation of antiplatelet therapy in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and/or stroke at the time of hospital discharge. The use of antiplatelet drugs was evaluated in patients with specific vascular event. Methods: In our study, a sample of 208 patients aged ≥65 years with acute myocardial infraction (MI) or stroke and those with a history of these events was analysed. The patients were hospitalised at geriatric wards of two hospitals during the period between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009. Our sample was divided into two groups: a control group of patients receiving antiplatelet...

Venous thromboembolism in patients with special conditions - editorial

Manuel Monreal, Radovan Malý

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):72-73  

Comparison of warfarin and new antithrombotic drugs in terms of drug interactions

Petr Kessler

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):74-78  

The stability of anticoagulation is essential for the efficacy and safety of warfarin therapy and treatment with new antithrombotic drugs. Drug interactions play a dominant role in the emergence of overanticoagulation or an insufficient effect of antithrombotic therapy. The pathway from warfarin ingestion to its therapeutic effect is very complicated and its biodegradation is mediated by different cytochrome enzymes, with warfarin thus being prone to numerous drug interactions. The most important of them are interactions with inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome 2C9, but numerous other pharmacologic mechanisms are also involved. The new direct...

PAR-1, blokátory syntézy tromboxanu A2, antagonisté povrchových destičkových glykoproteinů (GP IIb/IIIa).

Hynek Poul

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):79-82  

Antiplatelet therapy The aim of antiplatelet therapy is the primary and secondary prevention of atherothrombosis which causes serious diseases (acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease) that are among the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. Acetylsalicylic acid and klopidogrel are considered as the gold standard of antiplatelet therapy with verified benefit. The main drawbacks of them are treatment failure, individual resistance to the therapy, drug interactions and increased risk of bleeding. A limited efficacy of classic antiplatelet drugs is observed in some specific groups of patients, for example...

Bleeding complications and anticoagulant overdose

Jaromír Gumulec

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):84-89  

Anticoagulant therapy is one of the most widely used treatment modalities. It is the mainstay of prevention and treatment of thrombotic events. Unjustified omission of adequate anticoagulant prophylaxis is currently seen as a medical error. Bleeding is the most feared complication of anticoagulant therapy. A certain advantage of heparins and warfarin is the experience with these antithrombotic drugs in a broad medical population and the existence of a specific antidote that, when needed, allows a rapid reversal of the anticoagulant effect. Advantages of novel anticoagulant agents (direct and indirect inhibitors of coagulation factors Xa and/or...

Daily analgesics, their risks and prospects for development

Milan Kriška

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):93-97  

Despite existing WHO's schemes and professional societies' schemes, pharmacotherapy of pain, in addition to high consumption of analgesics, remains one of the crucial problems of modern medicine due to drug-induced risks. The aim of the paper was to present an opinion on the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other daily analgesics in relation to other analgesics. Given the low degree of critical thought of patients as well as health care professionals concerning the selection and use of analgesics, an opinion is required on the risk of pharmacotherapy with analgesics in everyday clinical practice, also with respect...

Optimisation of dosage regimens of gentamicin on specific patient groups and information about drug

Mária Göböová, Magdaléna Kuželová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):98-101  

Optimisation of dosage regimens of aminoglycoside antibiotic of gentamicin minimises adverse events and maximises therapeutic effects. The paper refers to the fact that there is not enough data in the Summary of Product Characteristics on specific patients with altered pharmacokinetic and therefore require individual approach. The specific group of patients includes: dialysed patients, patients with BMI above 25 kg/m2 and patients with augmented renal clearance. Creation of individual treatment scheme for these patients is in hands of skilled clinical pharmacologists who after evaluation of health status and laboratory examinations can contribute...

News in pain therapy

Marek Hakl

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):102-105  

News in the treatment of pain affect both the new active substances, as well as on new formulations, extensions of indications already used substances and new strategies in the treatment of various types of pain. News with which we can meet in our ambulances are especially new forms of topical medications for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain, new pain in the group of NSAIDs and a much anticipated non-invasively administered fentanyl for treatment of breakthrough pain in cancer patients. According to the promises of pharmaceutical companies would also have had this year and finally wait for new molecules in the group of strong opioids...

Venlafaxine intoxication - importance of TDM, phenotyping and genotyping

Milan Grundmann, Romana Uřinovská, Petr Šilhán, Ivana Kacířová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):90-92  

Introduction: Antidepressive drug venlafaxine belongs to the serotonine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It is primary metabolized by CYP2D6 to its active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine and by CYP3A4 to N-desmethylvenlafaxine. The range 0.3–5.2 for O-desmethylvenlafaxine/venlafaxine ratio was estimated for extensive and intermediate metabolizers. Method: There is described intoxication of woman (41 years) treated by combination therapy venlafaxine 150 mg/day, mianserine 60 mg/ day, clonazepam 1 mg/day and olanzapine 10 mg/day. Patient was administered at home an indefinite amount of these psychofarmacs. TDM of these substances...

Vítáme nové členy časopisu redakční rady

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2012;26(2):106