Epidemiological study of new oral anticoagulants

Anna Zatloukalová, Jana Janoutová, Miroslav Homza, Vladimír Janout

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2018;32(2):3-7 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2018.008  

Purpose: New oral anticoagulants are a big step forward in the area of anticoagulation therapy. They have a large number ofbenefits, whether it is their security profile or the need for monitoring. However, in order to optimize treatment, epidemiologicalresearch should be carried out in this area.Methods: New data from patients from a network of cardiac outpatients were used in the study of new oral anticoagulants. Theselection criteria were dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban.Results: Data from 334 patients were analyzed in the study. The male population predominated slightly (55.4%). The most commoninitial diagnosis for prescribing new oral anticoagulants...

The role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis

Jiří Piťha

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2018;32(2):8-12 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2018.009  

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease with antibody production against certain proteins on the postsynaptic membraneof the neuromuscular disorder, particularly the acetylcholine receptor. As a result, there is a manifestation of muscle weaknessand fatigue. The treatment consists in the administration of symptomatic drugs, but influencing the immunopathogenesis ofthe disease, however, lies in the long-term administration of immunosuppressive agents or immunomodulators. This treatmentmay be nonspecific with the reduction of autoreactive B or T lymphocytes or specific by monoclonal antibodies that target cellsurface features. Treatment is chronic,...

Antiparkinsonian drugs, mental disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease and drug‑drug interactions

Michal Prokeš, Josef Suchopár

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2018;32(2):13-19 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2018.010  

Patients with Parkinson´s disease (PN), a common neurodegenerative disorder, suffer not only from movement disorder, but alsofrom mental disorders including behavioral disorders and psychosis. These disorders are closely related to dopaminergic treatmentof PN. Despite knowledge of the clinical features of these disorders, many patients may not be diagnosed in time. Anotherissue are drug-drug interactions, because patients with PN are treated for associated diseases usually by other physicians, whomay not always be aware, that the antiparkinsonian or antipsychotic drugs interact with other commonly prescribed drugs. Thisarticle introduces the medical...

Malaria, its treatment and prophylaxis

Šimon Karkalík, Jana Rudá‑Kučerová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2018;32(2):20-27 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2018.011  

Malaria is a severe parasitic disease primarily affecting the tropical zone. It is caused by the in-host life cycle phase’s developmentof protozoa from Plasmodium family. It is transmitted between humans by a vector – the mosquito from the family Anopheles. InCzech Republic as well as in other countries of Europe, it is only an imported infection that is brought here by travelers returningfrom endemic countries. Without the necessary treatment, malaria may be fatal, and therefore malaria stays a global problem. Inrecent years, artemisinin and its derivatives became prominent in successful treatment of the disease, delivered in combinationwith...

Local anesthetics from the anesthesiologist perspective

Olga Klementová, Pavel Michálek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2018;32(2):28-32 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2018.012  

Local anesthetics are drugs that block the transmission of conduction in nerve structures and cause anesthesia or analgesia in thearea supplied by the given nerve. The only natural local anesthetic is cocaine, others are synthetic drugs. They can be divided intoaminoesthers and aminoamides. Estheric local anesthetics have a rapid onset and short duration of action, similar to lidocaine-typeaminoamide anesthetics. Aminoamide local anesthetics of the bupivacaine type have longer onset of action and longer duration.Local anesthetics are most commonly used in perioperative medicine for application to the mucosa, subcutaneous tissue, nervesand plexuses,...

Life threatening hypoglycaemia in a child with infantile myofibromatosis

Lenka Součková, Pavel Mazánek, Peter Múdry, Kateřina Nebeská, Jaroslav Štěrba

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2018;32(2):33-37 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2018.013  

Sunitinib belongs to a group of anticancer drugs whose mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of a number of receptortyrosine kinases involved in tumor growth, pathological angiogenesis and metastatic cancer progression. In particular, sunitinibinhibits the platelet growth factor receptors (PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-1,VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3), stem cell factor receptor (Kit) like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3, Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3), a factor stimulatingfactor colony (CSF-1R) receptor, and a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor receptor.Although sunitinib (Sutent®) is registered only...

Doc. RNDr. Nina Škottová, CSc.

Pavel Anzenbacher, Rostislav Večeřa

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2018;32(2):38