Biologická liečba a racionálna farmakoterapia

Jozef Glasa

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2008;22(2):51-52  

RESISTANCE OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE STRAINS TO MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS

Luboslava Čekanová, MUDr. Vladimír Zbořil CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2008;22(2):55-57  

In order to determine the rates of Streptococcus agalactiae resistance to selected antibiotics, 612 Streptococcus agalactiae strains were isolated from vaginal swabs, 156 from upper respiratory tract, and 97 were obtained from urine samples of patients from the community setting between January and December 2006. The bacterial strains isolated were identified using standard microbiological methods. Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method, the phenotype of resistance to macrolide antibiotics was detected by the D-test. The mean values of resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline were 25.8 %, 24.1 %,...

Biological therapy In gastroenterology

Vladimír Zbořil

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2008;22(2):58-63  

In gastroenterology, biological therapy represents a significant component in the standard treatment for both idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer and is also employed following liver transplantation. Currently, the management of idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases involves the use of infliximab or adalimumab to treat Crohn‘ s disease and the use of infliximab alone to treat ulcerative colitis. Therapy is restricted to biological therapy centres which guarantee correct indication and implementation of treatment. Current indications make possible the use of biological therapy in idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases...

Targeted therapy in oncology

Jozef Mardiak

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2008;22(2):64-67  

The mechanisms of action of targeted therapy differ from those of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Traditional chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells as well as certain normal tissues. By contrast, targeted therapy blocks the proliferation of cancer cells by interfering with specific molecules required for tumor development and growth. The molecular pathways most often targeted in the treatment of malignant disease are the cell surface antigens, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor and some genetically defined abnormalities. Targeted treatment which includes monoclonal antibodies and small...

Biological treatment in dermathology

Martin Tichý, Dagmar Ditrichová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2008;22(2):68-71  

Biologics are genetically engineered drugs used for systemic application and belong to the group of selective immunosuppressive agents. Their significant therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous immune mediated disorders. Currently, biologics are only indicated for the treatment of severe forms of psoriasis in dermatology. Four preparations are registered for the treatment of psoriasis in the Czech Republic – efalizumab, etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab.

Current therapy of skin and mucosal mycoses

Vladimír Buchta, et. al

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2008;22(2):72-80  

Superficial fungal infections are common, particularly dermatophytoses, onychomycoses, and vulvovaginal Candida infections. Most of these mycoses are treated with topical antimycotic drugs unless the infection involves an extensive area or is resistant to initial therapy. The use of griseofulvin is limited to a few indications (tinea capitis in children), ketoconazole is replaced by other triazole drugs with a better pharmacological profile (no risk of idiopathic hepatitis) in most indications. Onychomycosis – one of the most difficult-to-treat dermatomycosis largely requires systemic therapy with terbinafine or itraconazole which can be...

Use of potentially inappropriate medication in elderly patients in the region of the former Czechoslovakia

Martin Wawruch, et. al

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2008;22(2):81-85  

Elderly people represent a highly vulnerable population with respect to the pharmacotherapy risk. Higher frequency of adverse drug events in the elderly associated with the administration of selected drugs has led to the development of specific criteria of potentially inappropriate medications in the aged (≥ 65 years). Several lists of potentially inappropriate medications have been created. These criteria reflect regional prescription habits as well as local availability of registered drugs. The Beers lists are among the best recognized. In the conditions of Central and Eastern European countries – including the Czech and Slovak Republics –...