Slovo úvodem

Tomáš Büchler

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1)  

Consumption of antibiotics and antifungals in patients with severe burns requiring intensive care

Břetislav Lipový, Hana Řihová, Jiří Jarkovský, Tomáš Kempný, Pavel Brychta

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1):5-7  

Infectious complications currently represent a serious medical and economic issue not only in severely burnt patients, but also in those in intensive care in general. In the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of resistant microorganisms. In this respect, an optimal handling of antimicrobial policy poses one of the most pressing problems in current intensive care of severely and critically burnt patients. The article presents the results of a European study focused on the consumption of individual antimicrobial agents that can also serve as an indicator of resistance of particular microorganisms.

Overview of biological therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer

Tomáš Büchler, Jana Čejková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1):8-12  

Recognition of the importance of the HER2/neu receptor for the human epidermal growth factor has been a major progress in individualizing the treatment in patients with breast cancer. HER2 is a key regulator of tumour cell apoptosis. Overexpression of HER2 enables permanent activation of signalling pathways and acts as a factor stimulating tumour growth in breast cancer. Biological therapy that blocks the HER2 receptor results in improved treatment outcomes. Available agents blocking the HER2 receptor include trastuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine, lapatinib, and pertuzumab.

Pharmacotherapy of advanced or metastatic bladder cancer

Jana Katolická

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1):13-15  

Bladder cancer is the ninth most commonly diagnosed malignancy among all cancers worldwide. Chemotherapy in treating advanced and metastatic bladder cancer has been established as a standard therapeutic method. Cisplatin-based regimens achieve high response rates. Gemcitabine with cisplatin is a standard chemotherapy regimen for the first-line treatment of metastatic urothelial bladder cancer. Vinflunine is recommended for administration in the second line in patients with metastatic urothelial bladder cancer following the failure of previous treatment with a platinum derivative.

Management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Milada Zemanová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1):16-21  

Lung cancer is the leading worldwide cause of cancer death and the majority of patients present with metastatic stage IV disease. Palliative systemic therapy is the main choice in metastatic stage. Different treatment strategies exist according to squamous or non-squamous histology or molecularly defined markers in non-small-cell lung cancer. Molecular testing for at least epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ALK should be performed in all patients before therapy. Targeted therapy in sensitive mutations with TKI (gfitinib, erlotinib or afatinib) or crizotinib and ceritinib, respectively, can achieve response rate above 60 % and significantly...

How will diabetes treatment change with new pharmaceuticals?

Milan Kvapil

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1):22-24  

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease, with the existing means failing to reach target values of compensation inall patients. Therefore, completely new options for treating hyperglycaemia are beingsought andfound (SGLT2 inhibitors, gliptins, GLP-1 receptor agonists). These newpharmaceuticals are at least as effective asolder typesof antidiabetic drugs, but they are certainly safer. Theirkey propertyis minimal riskof hypoglycaemia. They gradually expand the pharmacotherapyoptions for type 2 diabetes andallow for individual selection and adjustmentof treatment. agonists, liraglutide, exenatide, lixisenatide.

Pharmacotherapy options in treating patients with diabetic foot syndrome

Pavlína Piťhová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1):25-28  

Diabetic foot syndrome refers to a foot that exhibits pathological changes below the ankle – ulcerations or gangrenes that result directly from diabetes mellitus. The major factors that can cause the diabetic foot syndrome are diabetic neuropathy, limb ischaemia (angiopathy), limited joint mobility, and plantar pressure. Healing is complicated by infection. These factors should be targeted in our treatment strategy that includes pharmacotherapy as well. Antimicrobial, antiplatelet/anticoagulant treatment and drugs improving microcirculation are mainly used.

Insulin treatment options in 2015

Denisa Janíčková Žďárská, Pavlína Piťhová, Milan Kvapil

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1):30-34  

The clinical practice has requiredthat novel typesof basal insulin analogues be developed. They are characterised bya lower intraindividual variabilityof the effect, which meansbetter predictability of the effect and reduction in the riskof nocturnal hypoglycaemia, in particular. This group includes insulin degludec, insulin glarginein aconcentrationof 300 IU, and pegylated insulin lispro, which exhibitshigher affinityto the effect directly in the hepatic cell. The three novel typesof basal analogueswill all improve the safetyof treatmentin both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Premixed analogues have also retained their place in the treatment,...

What's new in dry eye treatment

Helena Štrofová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1):35-38  

Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common eye diseases that can occur at any age. The complaints tend to vary significantly. Patients usually report a feeling of dryness and/or the presence of a foreign body and burning in the eye. In advanced stages, pain, sensitivity to light and blurred vision are manifested and redness of the eye may occur. In the case of dry eye syndrome, there is reduced tear production or incorrect composition of the tear film. Numerous factors are involved in the development of this disease. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination, and specific tests evaluating the amount of tear production or the stability...

A fixed combination Cyclo 3 Fort in the treatment of CVI

Jiří Slíva

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2015;29(1):39-42  

Cyclo 3 Fort fixed combination in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency Venoactive drugs are a popular group of drugs which have been mostly used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, along with other therapeutic approaches, especially compressive treatment. The article focuses on a review of available data on the Cyclo 3 Fort formulation, both from preclinical (i.e. especially documentation of the mechanism of action) and clinical point of view.