Klinická farmakologie a farmacie č. 2/2019

Redakce

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2)  

Slovo úvodem

doc. MUDr. Tomáš Vymazal, Ph.D., MHA

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):3  

Mystery shopping and education of pharmacy students in dispensing and counselling about OTC medicine

Daniela Mináriková, Tomáš Fazekaš, Peter Stanko

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):4-10 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.008  

Objective of study: To use the mystery shopping method in the education of pharmacy students considering how recommendations for good dispensing and counselling have implemented in community pharmacies in Slovakia. Methods: Fifty-four students of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Comenius University in Bratislava were educated during the special training on dispensing and counselling about the OTC medicine and for the role of mystery shoppers. Two scenarios (product-based request and symptom-based) were developed for the selected topic of counselling (common cold). Three categories of counselling (patient identification, dispensation information, and communication)...

Volatile anesthetics and their clinical use

Tomáš Vymazal

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):11-14 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.009  

Volatile anesthetics are an integral part of total anethesia techniques. These are halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives whichare supplied to the inhaled mixture by means of vaporizers. The oldest and still used inhalation anesthetic is nitrous oxide – laughinggas. The currently used volatile anesthetics include isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane. Very rarely xenon is used. This reviewarticle brings information about pharmocikinetcs, pfarmacodynamics of the currently used anesthetics, their physical and chemicalproperties, and mainly depicts their clinical use.

Intravenous anaesthetics

Jarmila Drábková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):15-19 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.010  

Intravenous general anaesthetics are still and predominantly perceived as “induction agents”, i.e. drugs intended to induce general anaesthesia. This indication traditionally includes thiopental, propofol, etomidate, and ketamine. Their pharmacological properties allow propofol and ketamine to be used for infusion analgosedation. They are even prescribed outside the field of anaesthesiology, particularly in intensive medicine and care. Selectively, alternative options are used in addition to intravenous administration. In the current concept of combined anaesthesia, balanced general anaesthesia, and analgosedation, the traditional intravenous...

Peripheral muscle relaxants in modern anaesthesiology

Petr Štourač, Martina Kosinová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):20-23 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.011  

Peripheral muscle relaxants are an integral part of modern anaesthesiology. They ensure, in particular, facilitation of the surgical procedure and good conditions for intubation. Unlike in the past, when attention in terms of neuromuscular blockade was paid to these very aspects, there now predominates an interest in monitoring the depth of neuromuscular blockade during the course of the procedure and its reversal. Active reversal of neuromuscular blockade in the presence of objective monitoring of the recovery rate is an important safety factor of muscle relaxant use. The article deals with the current trends in the use of peripheral muscle relaxants.

Perioperative pain management

Jiří Málek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):24-29 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.012  

Many studies demonstrated that the treatment of postoperative pain is still suboptimal and approximately one third of patients after surgery suffer from strong or sever pain. Essential part of successful therapy is measurement of intensity of pain and the effect of analgesic therapy. Multimodal analgesia is used do decrease side effects of individual drugs, mainly opioids. The results of meta-analyses confirm that the most frequently used and the safest analgesics are paracetamol and metamizol (dipyrone). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not recommended, because of their potentially serious side effects like postoperative bleeding or in some...

Pharmacotherapy of epilepsies from the neurological/epileptological of a view

Jana Zárubová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):30-35 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.013  

Epilepsies are the most common serious chronic neurological diseases. Pharmacotherapy is still the main treatment method for most patients. There is now a much larger range of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Neurologists choose the appropriate antiepileptic drug (AED) or combination of antiepileptic drugs for a individual patient. In doing so, they take into account not only the type of epileptic seizures and epilepsy, but also the profile of adverse side effects, including chronic toxicity, and the individual patient profile (age, gender, cognition, body weight, present co-morbidity, especially psychiatric, concomitant treatment, lifestyle...

Drug-drug interactions of frequently prescribed antidepressants

Michal Prokeš, Josef Suchopár

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):36-43 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.034  

This article describes drug-drug interactions of antidepressants. Potentially fatal pharmacodynamic interactions include serotonin syndrome, whose diagnosis is difficult. QT prolongation is a marker of increased risk of ventricular tachycardia. Administration of SSRIs and NSAs increases the risk of bleeding, especially from GIT. From pharmacodynamic interactions, the article highligts interactions via CYP2D6. Many antidepressants and antipsychotics are CYP2D6 substrates, with paroxetine, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine being CYP2D6 inhibitors. Some of the interactions are contraindicated, in other cases doctor should consider pros and cons, and patients...

NexoBrid^TM: a novel agent for enzymatic necrolysis in a patient with thermal injury

Břetislav Lipový, Jakub Holoubek, Nikola Ševčíková, Filip Raška, Ivan Suchánek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):44-48 | DOI: 10.36290/far.2019.014  

Removal of necrotic tissue in patients with deep burns is one of the fundamental steps that facilitate the subsequent multi-phasedprocess in wound healing. Persisting necrotic tissue in the wound bed represents an excellent growth medium for a number ofpotentially pathogenic microorganisms. Currently, there are several ways of removing this necrosis. The case report presents thelatest method whose mechanism of action is enzymatic necrolysis, wherein selective dissolution of necrosis with preservationof viable underlying tissue occurs.

Oborové kongresy pomáhají v regionu střední Evropy zvyšovat povědomí o klinické farmacii

Lucie Čapková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2019;33(2):49-50