Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Soška, CSc.

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):99  

Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance on antibiotic therapy

Milan Kolář, Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Markéta Šenkyříková, Vojtěch Hanulík, Pavel Honig

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):101-105  

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are among very important bacterial pathogens, particularly in the case of nosocomial infections. The frequency of this species as a causative agent of infections, including life-threatening ones, is increasing, and so is its resistance to the effect of antibiotic therapy. The aim of the present paper was to determine the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics and to analyze the group of meropenem-resistant isolates. In the period from 1 January 2008 to 30 June 2013, a total of 11,342 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the clinical material of patients hospitalized in the Olomouc...

Compliance of patients using interferon for the treatment of multiple sclerosis

Pavlína Štrbová, Eleonora Dostálová, Zdeňka Mikšová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):106-109  

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine patients’ knowledge, compliance and risk perception of therapy by interferons in multiple sclerosis. Methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted for three months in the specialized neurological centre of the University Hospital in Olomouc. The study used ad hoc questionnaire containing 20 questions. Results: The study involved 65 respondents, 71 % of women and 29 % of men. The distribution of respondents was equal in the use of individual products – 35 % of respondents used Avonex, 34 %, Rebif and 31 % Betaferon. Most respondents were educated by nurse (42 %) or by physicians and...

Lipid-lowering drugs and their indication in patients with chronic kidney disease

Václav Monhart

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):110-113  

Dyslipidemia in patients with chronic kidney disease contributes to the increase in cardiovascular risk and progression of renal impairment. The probability of death from cardiovascular complications is higher than that from the consequences of end-stage kidney failure. The cardioprotective and renoprotective effect of statins and fibrates is not only a lipid-lowering effect, but also an additional effect unrelated to lipids. Statins reduce cardiovascular risk at all stages of chronic kidney disease, slowing down the decline in renal function, but their impact on the reduction in albuminuria/proteinuria is not unequivocal. Fibrates, which slow...

Perspectives of further reduction in cholesterol by means of PCSK9 blockade

Vladimír Bláha

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):114-118  

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a newly discovered member of the proprotein convertase family. Expression studies and human genetics have revealed an important role for PCSK9 in cholesterol metabolism. PCSK9 is regulated by dietary cholesterol and cellular cholesterol levels putatively via the SREBP (sterol-responsive element-binding protein) transcription factors. Mutations in PCSK9 are associated with the third locus implicated in ADH (autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia). PCSK9 clearly plays an important role in controlling LDLR levels. If the true function of PCSK9 is to degrade the LDLR, inhibitors of PCSK9...

Current role of fibrates in treating dyslipidemia in patients with cardiometabolic syndrome

Michal Vrablík

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):119-121  

Fibrates have been used in the treatment of dyslipidemia for a long time and, as a result, a number of data on their action are available from various types of clinical trials. In addition to a comprehensive effect on the lipid profile, their use is accompanied by changes in other parameters relevant to atherogenesis (parameters of inflammation, insulin sensitivity, or endothelial function). As has been shown in randomized clinical trials performed in type 2 diabetics, fibrate treatment selectively reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with elevated triglycerides and lower HDL-cholesterol level. Currently, fibrates are mainly used in combination...

Selected features in the treatment of postoperative pain in children

Iveta Ondriová, Anna Sinaiová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):122-125  

Child Pain is an unpleasant emotional experience, which may affect the child throughout his life. Although pain is a warning sign of the disease, may under certain circumstances become unnecessary suffering and greatly reduce the quality of a child‘s life. In medicine and nursing as a main philosophy applies holistic, holistic approach to person. That is why it should be included in the care of not only the body but also the soul. If a child suffers from pain, are postihnutéobetieto of personality. Medicine knows nowadays many ways to dampen pain using pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. However, in order to proceed to the...

New findings on the role of calcium-sensing receptor in the treatment of bone and mineral homeostasis disorders

Ludmila Kameníková, Nikolina Kutinová Canová, Hassan Farghali

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):126-129  

Several drugs are used in the treatment of disorders of bone mineral homeostasis, e.g. vitamin D (and its analogs), bisphosphonates, hormones, and minerals (calcium, phosphate, strontium). The present article focuses mainly on drugs that affect the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to decrease the secretion of parathormone and reduce Ca2+ concentration in serum. Because allosteric modulators of CaSR (e.g. calcimimetics) have a potential to be clinically used in the treatment of bone disorders, the importance of experimental research directed toward the explanation of CaSR signal pathways is also discussed in this article.

Pharmacogenetics of methotrexate in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Tomáš Veleta, Tomáš Soukup, Petr Pávek, Jana Nekvindová, Jiří Vlček, Petr Bradna

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):131-135  

Methotrexate is one of the essential medicines used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The efficacy of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate (MTX) is between 46 % and 65 % (as assessed by ACR 20). A number of undesirable effects are associated with methotrexate treatment. At least one of them occurs in up to 72.9 % of patients, and severe toxicities are identified in up to 30 % of patients. Pharmacogenetics is a new modern way to enable personalization of clinical drug therapy based on the findings of the genetic predisposition of the patient to respond to the treatment. Research into MTX pharmacogenetics in rheumatoid...

Using ertapenem in treating gynaecological and urological infections

Renáta Čermáková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2013;27(3-4):136-138  

The author reports the cases of four patients diagnosed with infections caused by bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum beta- -lactamases (ESBL) and successfully treated with ertapenem, an antibiotic from the class of carbapenems. This alternate broad-spectrum antibiotic is characterized by stability against the effects of most of the beta-lactamases. The mechanism of its effect can be described as an inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by connection to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) followed by preventing transpeptidation of peptidoglycan, it is bactericidal (5, 7).