O názvosloví léčiv

Karel Urbánek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):139  

Utilization of hypolipidaemics in Czech Republic between 1989 and 2003

Romana Pavelková, Mgr. Lucie Sobolová, Karel Urbánek

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):142-145  

Hypolipidaemics have been used in the Czech Republic since the late 1970s. Fibrates were preferred in that period. An important event was the approval of the first statin – lovastatin. The aim of this study was to describe the utilization of hypolipidaemics in the period of 1989 to 2003. Data on hypolipidaemic drugs utilization were obtained from the database of the State Institute for Drug Control. Utilization was expressed in defined daily doses (DDD) according to the ATC/DDD system valid in 2004; expenditures were measured in Czech crowns (CZK). Utilization was expressed in relative values – DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID). The...

Primary compliance with lipid lowering therapy

Jan Strojil, Karel Urbánek, Mgr. Lucie Sobolová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):146-148  

Compliance with medication therapy is a well-recognised and important issue. This paper gives a short overview of published work on compliance in lipid-lowering therapy, with special focus on primary non-compliance in statin therapy. We analysed prescription database in the Teaching Hospital in Olomouc and identified all prescriptions issued for lipid-lowering agents in 2003. These data were compared to the database of claimed prescriptions obtained from the insurance company. There were 12,182 packages prescribed to 2,715 patients. 8.1% of prescribed drugs remained unclaimed by 17.2% of the patients. Differences between patient groups (age, sex) were...

Health Related Quality of Life on the Background of the Newer Health and Illness Models

Kalová Hana, doc. MUDr. Petr Petr PhD, Alexandra Soukupová, Pavel Vondrouš

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):165-168  

The authors present a survey of interdependencies between the newer models of health and illness and the Health Related Quality of Life-HRQOL concepts, mainly in clinical drug testing, nursing and social work.

Combination therapy for hypertension

Milan Grundmann, Ivana Kacířová

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):169-173  

Current outcomes of antihypertensive therapy remain unsatisfactory since only one in four patients are treated adequately. Most patients with diabetes, stroke and in elderly achieve good compensation of hypertension only using combination therapy. The most commonly used double combinations include diuretics + betalytics, diuretics + ACEI, diuretics + AT1 blockers, and ACEI + calcium channel blockers. Additional options of combination therapy are highlighted in this review. The evidence for double combination use according to evidence based medicine remains inadequate, while for triple combination use there is none. Triple combination drugs are selected...

Atrial fibrillation - aims of therapy

prof. MUDr. Jan Lukl CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):175-181  

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained tachyarrhythmia. Atrial fibrillation increases both morbidity and mortality of patients. The incidence rises not only with advancing age, but also absolutely, thus increasing the demands on both out- and in-patient care. Its complex etiology has until now rendered it impossible to respond to causative therapy. The therapeutic strategy of atrial fibrillation consists in prevention of thromboembolism, heart rate control, and rhythm control. Anticoagulation remains the most efficient prevention method of thromboembolic events. Heart rate control is usually performed by the so called AV nodal blockers or...

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

David Suchý, doc. MUDr. Otto Mayer CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):182-185  

Cytokines are recommended for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after treatment failure of other disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), of which methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used example. TNF-alfa blocking agents or can be added to preexisting therapy or may replace previous DMARDs. TNF-alfa blocking agents differ in molecular structure, detailed mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic properties etc. Infliximab is approved for treatment of RA in combination with MTX, both adalimumab and etanercept could be used in combination as well as in monotherapy. The data from clinical trials suggest, however that the combination of...

Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil for autoimmune disease in children

Zdeněk Doležel, Jiří Štarha, Dana Dostálková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):186-187  

Our clinical trial evaluated the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil in children with autoimmune diseases. Base on the pharmacokinetics data obtained paediatric dose recommendations for patient with vasculitis/connective tissue disease were derived.

Jaroslav Květina - pětasedmdesátiletý

Helena Rašková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):192-193  

Prof. MUDr. Jiří Elis, DrSc. pětasedmdesátník

Helena Rašková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):194  

Reducing medical mistakes

Alena Ďurišová, Milan Kriška

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):188-190  

Medical mistakes result in patients’ morbidity, mortality and increase of treatment costs. Mistakes can occur at every stage of health care and the reason can be a human source or the system of health care. Errors can be made by the nursing personnel while prescribing medications, calculating their doses, preparingand diluting them or while administering them to the patient. An error can occur due to a mistake made either by the pharmacist when giving the medication or by the patient when using an inappropriate medication or a correct medication in incorrect dosage or intervals or when omitting the medication completely. Worldwide, efforts have...

Statins: from lipidology to cardiology

MUDr. Michal Vrablík Ph.D, doc. MUDr. Richard Češka CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):149-151  

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) represent a common standard in therapy of patients with dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and other manifestations of atherosclerosis. There is huge evidence proving their positive effects over a broad range of cholesterol levels in the plasma. Statins have been used in certain novel indications, e.g. acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, aortic stenosis, etc. Large prospective clinical trials are needed to prove the efficacy of statins in these novel indications.

The impact of statins in geriatrics

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Bláha CSc

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):152-154  

The clinical efficacy and safety of statin therapy have been well established from a series of large-scale, randomized controlled trials. These trials, however, have predominantly recruited patients under the age of 70 years. As a consequence, the use of statins in older patients has remained controversial. The results of the first trial evaluating exclusively elderly patients – the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) – have contributed enormously to our understanding of the use of statins in the elderly. These findings, together with the results from the large elderly cohort within the Heart Protection Study...

STATINS IN ONCOLOGY

Marek Svoboda, Jiří Vyskočil, Jana Nováková

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):155-159  

Statins are the most frequently used hypolipidaemic drugs, lowering cholesterol by inhibition of the key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA). This enzyme is responsible for the production of mevalonic acid, the main precursor of cholesterol synthesis. A number of clinical trials show that statins are well tolerated, relatively safe and very efficient drugs that significantly decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from hypercholesterolaemia, which is the main indication for prescription of statins. Within the last five years, the results of preclinical research have...

COULD ANY PROBLEMS ARISE WITH STatin treatment?

Monika Laššánová, Jana Tisoňová, Milan Kriška

Klin Farmakol Farm. 2005;19(3):160-164  

Statins (HMG CoA reductase inhibitors) have belonged to the most often used drugs in recent years. They exert primarily very good hypolipidaemic properties with high effectiveness in lowering both total and LDL-cholesterol, powerful predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. They are used not only in cardiovascular indications but also are recommended in other indications (neurodegenerative diseases, prevention of colon cancer, etc.). Statins are overall considered to be well tolerated drugs, which has been verified by many controlled studies and by clinical practice. The frequency of clinically important serious adverse effects is relatively...